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We consider a multitype branching process with immigration in a random environment introduced by Key in [Ann. Probab. 15 (1987) 344--353]. It was shown by Key that, under the assumptions made in [Ann. Probab. 15 (1987) 344--353], the…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Alexander Roitershtein

For a branching process in random environment it is assumed that the offspring distribution of the individuals varies in a random fashion, independently from one generation to the other. Interestingly there is the possibility that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-09-07 V. I. Afanasyev , C. Boeinghoff , G. Kersting , V. A. Vatutin

We consider branching processes for structured populations: each individual is characterized by a type or trait which belongs to a general measurable state space. We focus on the supercritical recurrent case, where the population may…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-06 Vincent Bansaye , Tresnia Berah , Bertrand Cloez

We consider a supercritical branching process $Z_n$ in a stationary and ergodic random environment $\xi =(\xi_n)_{n\ge0}$. Due to the martingale convergence theorem, it is known that the normalized population size $W_n=Z_n/ (\mathbb E…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-06-14 Ewa Damek , Nina Gantert , Konrad Kolesko

Consider a branching process $\{Z_n\}_{n\ge 0}$ with immigration in varying environment. For $a\in\{0,1,2,...\},$ let $C=\{n\ge0:Z_n=a\}$ be the collection of times at which the population size of the process attains level $a.$ We give a…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-08-08 Hua-Ming Wang

We investigate subcritical Galton-Watson branching processes with immigration in a random environment. Using Goldie's implicit renewal theory we show that under general Cram\'er condition the stationary distribution has a power law tail. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-04 Bojan Basrak , Peter Kevei

Let $(Z_n)$ be a supercritical branching process in a random environment $\xi$. We study the convergence rates of the martingale $W_n = Z_n/ E[Z_n| \xi]$ to its limit $W$. The following results about the convergence almost sur (a.s.), in…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-02-19 Chunmao Huang , Quansheng Liu

In this article, we consider a branching random walk on the real-line where displacements coming from the same parent have jointly regularly varying tails. The genealogical structure is assumed to be a supercritical Galton-Watson tree,…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-07 Ayan Bhattacharya

A general multi-type population model is considered, where individuals live and reproduce according to their age and type, but also under the influence of the size and composition of the entire population. We describe the dynamics of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-13 Jie Yen Fan , Kais Hamza , Peter Jagers , Fima C. Klebaner

Branching processes $(Z_n)_{n \ge 0}$ in a varying environment generalize the Galton-Watson process, in that they allow time-dependence of the offspring distribution. Our main results concern general criteria for a.s. extinction,…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-11 Götz Kersting

Let $(Z_{n})$ be a supercritical branching process in a random environment $\xi $, and $W$ be the limit of the normalized population size $Z_{n}/\mathbb{E}[Z_{n}|\xi ]$. We show large and moderate deviation principles for the sequence $\log…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-02-19 Chunmao Huang , Quansheng Liu

Let $ (Z_{n})_{n\geq 0} $ be a supercritical branching process in an independent and identically distributed random environment. We establish an optimal convergence rate in the Wasserstein-$1$ distance for the process $ (Z_{n})_{n\geq 0} $,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-08 Hao Wu , Xiequan Fan , Zhiqiang Gao , Yinna Ye

We consider a branching random walk on $d$-dimensional real space with immigration in a time-dependent random environment. Let $Z_n(\mathbf t)$ be the so-called partition function of the process, namely, the moment generating function of…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Chunmao Huang , Yukun Ren , Runze Li

Conditions for almost sure extinction are studied in discrete time branching processes with an infinite number of types. It is not assumed that the expected number of children is a bounded function of the parent's type. There might also be…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. T. Tetzlaff

This paper proposes a novel numerical method for computing the density of the limit random variable associated with a supercritical Galton-Watson process. This random variable captures the effect of early demographic fluctuations and…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Alice Cortinovis , Sophie Hautphenne , Stefano Massei

We investigate Kesten-Stigum-like results for multi-type Galton-Watson processes with a countable number of types in a general setting, allowing us in particular to consider processes with an infinite total population at each generation.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-10 Mathilde André , Jean-Jil Duchamps

Let $Z_{n}$ be the number of individuals in a subcritical BPRE evolving in the environment generated by iid probability distributions. Let $X$ be the logarithm of the expected offspring size per individual given the environment. Assuming…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-20 Vincent Bansaye , Vladimir Vatutin

In this paper we consider a triangular array of branching processes with non-stationary immigration. We prove a weak convergence of properly normalized branching processes with immigration to deterministic function under assumption that…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-25 Sadillo Sharipov

Let $\{Z_{m},m\geq 0\}$ be a critical branching process in random environment and $\{S_{m},m\geq 0\}$ be its associated random walk. Assuming that the increments distribution of the associated random walk belongs without centering to the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Vladimir Vatutin , Elena Dyakonova

In this paper, we consider certain linear-fractional branching processes with immigration in varying environments. For $n\ge0,$ let $Z_n$ counts the number of individuals of the $n$-th generation, which excludes the immigrant which enters…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Baozhi Li , Hongyan Sun , Hua-Ming Wang