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The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by OpenAI's ChatGPT, brings to the forefront the imperative to defend against adversarial threats on these models. These attacks, which manipulate an LLM's output by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Amelia Kawasaki , Andrew Davis , Houssam Abbas

Generative AI and large language models (LLMs) are transforming security by automating many tasks being performed manually. With such automation changing the practice of security as we know it, it is imperative that we prepare future…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Wu-chang Feng , David Baker-Robinson

The widespread deployment of large language models (LLMs) across critical domains has amplified the societal risks posed by algorithmically generated misinformation. Unlike traditional false content, LLM-generated misinformation can be…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Shuliang Liu , Hongyi Liu , Aiwei Liu , Bingchen Duan , Qi Zheng , Yibo Yan , He Geng , Peijie Jiang , Jia Liu , Xuming Hu

This paper explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in spear phishing message generation and evaluates their performance compared to human-authored counterparts. Our pilot study examines the effectiveness of smishing (SMS phishing)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jerson Francia , Derek Hansen , Ben Schooley , Matthew Taylor , Shydra Murray , Greg Snow

Ensuring robust safety measures across a wide range of scenarios is crucial for user-facing systems. While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate valuable data for safety measures, they often exhibit distributional biases, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sabit Hassan , Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

To understand and identify the unprecedented risks posed by rapidly advancing artificial intelligence (AI) models, Frontier AI Risk Management Framework in Practice presents a comprehensive assessment of their frontier risks. As Large…

We present a framework for the automated measurement of responsible AI (RAI) metrics for large language models (LLMs) and associated products and services. Our framework for automatically measuring harms from LLMs builds on existing…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), offering transformative capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, with their rising prominence, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Arijit Ghosh Chowdhury , Md Mofijul Islam , Vaibhav Kumar , Faysal Hossain Shezan , Vaibhav Kumar , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Large Language Model (LLM) agents use memory to learn from past interactions, enabling autonomous planning and decision-making in complex environments. However, this reliance on memory introduces a critical security risk: an adversary can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Qianshan Wei , Tengchao Yang , Yaochen Wang , Xinfeng Li , Lijun Li , Zhenfei Yin , Yi Zhan , Thorsten Holz , Zhiqiang Lin , XiaoFeng Wang

Latent-factor models (LFM) based on collaborative filtering (CF), such as matrix factorization (MF) and deep CF methods, are widely used in modern recommender systems (RS) due to their excellent performance and recommendation accuracy.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Felice Antonio Merra

AI agents, predominantly powered by large language models (LLMs), are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection, in which malicious instructions embedded in untrusted data can trigger dangerous agent actions. This position paper discusses our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chong Xiang , Drew Zagieboylo , Shaona Ghosh , Sanjay Kariyappa , Kai Greshake , Hanshen Xiao , Chaowei Xiao , G. Edward Suh

The generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread deployment across various applications. However, this increased adoption has introduced several security threats, notably in the forms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francesco Panebianco , Stefano Bonfanti , Francesco Trovò , Michele Carminati

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central to numerous natural language processing tasks, but their vulnerabilities present significant security and ethical challenges. This systematic survey explores the evolving landscape of attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Zhiyu Liao , Kang Chen , Yuanguo Lin , Kangkang Li , Yunxuan Liu , Hefeng Chen , Xingwang Huang , Yuanhui Yu

As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, it is critical to assess the security threats and vulnerabilities that may arise both during their training phase and after models have been deployed. This survey seeks to define and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Francisco Aguilera-Martínez , Fernando Berzal

With an increasing number of malicious attacks, the number of people and organizations falling prey to social engineering attacks is proliferating. Despite considerable research in mitigation systems, attackers continually improve their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Avisha Das , Rakesh Verma

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are now routinely used to autonomously execute complex tasks, from natural language processing to dynamic workflows like web searches. The usage of tool-calling and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) allows…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Dennis Rall , Bernhard Bauer , Mohit Mittal , Thomas Fraunholz

As large language models (LLMs) achieve advanced persuasive capabilities, concerns about their potential risks have grown. The EU AI Act prohibits AI systems that use manipulative or deceptive techniques to undermine informed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haein Kong

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on skills to package reusable capabilities through instructions, tools, and resources. High-quality skills embed expert knowledge, curated workflows, and execution constraints into agents,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zihan Wang , Rui Zhang , Yu Liu , Chi Liu , Qingchuan Zhao , Hongwei Li , Guowen Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a transformative leap in artificial intelligence, enabling the comprehension, generation, and nuanced interaction with human language on an unparalleled scale. However, LLMs are increasingly vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Nan Wang , Kane Walter , Yansong Gao , Alsharif Abuadbba