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Motion forecasting often requires trading interpretability for predictive accuracy. Standard anchor-based architectures rely on opaque latent queries that are highly prone to latent collapse, or naive trajectory sampling that limits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Abhishek Vivekanandan , Ahmed Abouelazm , J. Marius Zöllner

Modality differences have led to the development of heterogeneous architectures for vision and language models. While images typically require 2D non-causal modeling, texts utilize 1D causal modeling. This distinction poses significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Chenxin Tao , Xizhou Zhu , Shiqian Su , Lewei Lu , Changyao Tian , Xuan Luo , Gao Huang , Hongsheng Li , Yu Qiao , Jie Zhou , Jifeng Dai

Referring image segmentation is a fundamental vision-language task that aims to segment out an object referred to by a natural language expression from an image. One of the key challenges behind this task is leveraging the referring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Zhao Yang , Jiaqi Wang , Yansong Tang , Kai Chen , Hengshuang Zhao , Philip H. S. Torr

Modeling the parser state is key to good performance in transition-based parsing. Recurrent Neural Networks considerably improved the performance of transition-based systems by modelling the global state, e.g. stack-LSTM parsers, or local…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Ramon Fernandez Astudillo , Miguel Ballesteros , Tahira Naseem , Austin Blodgett , Radu Florian

The Transformer self-attention network has recently shown promising performance as an alternative to recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. However, the Transformer has a drawback in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-17 Emiru Tsunoo , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Toshiyuki Kumakura , Shinji Watanabe

The Transformer translation model is based on the multi-head attention mechanism, which can be parallelized easily. The multi-head attention network performs the scaled dot-product attention function in parallel, empowering the model by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Hongfei Xu , Qiuhui Liu , Josef van Genabith , Deyi Xiong

Recently proposed fine-grained 3D visual grounding is an essential and challenging task, whose goal is to identify the 3D object referred by a natural language sentence from other distractive objects of the same category. Existing works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Dailan He , Yusheng Zhao , Junyu Luo , Tianrui Hui , Shaofei Huang , Aixi Zhang , Si Liu

Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable success across language, vision, and multimodal tasks, and there is growing demand for them to address in-context compositional learning tasks. In these tasks, models solve the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Wei Chen , Jingxi Yu , Zichen Miao , Qiang Qiu

Central to the success of Transformers is the attention block, which effectively models global dependencies among input tokens associated to a dataset. However, we theoretically demonstrate that standard attention mechanisms in transformers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hemanth Saratchandran

Transferring reasoning capabilities from larger language models to smaller ones through supervised fine-tuning often fails counterintuitively, with performance degrading despite access to high-quality teacher demonstrations. We identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jaehoon Kim , Kwangwook Seo , Dongha Lee

Transformer-based models have achieved strong performance in remote sensing image captioning by capturing long-range dependencies and contextual information. However, their practical deployment is hindered by high computational costs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Swadhin Das , Divyansh Mundra , Priyanshu Dayal , Raksha Sharma

The transformer is a state-of-the-art neural translation model that uses attention to iteratively refine lexical representations with information drawn from the surrounding context. Lexical features are fed into the first layer and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Denis Emelin , Ivan Titov , Rico Sennrich

Transformer models have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of applications. Though forming the foundation of Transformer models, the dot-product attention does not scale well to long-context data since its time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yongchang Hao , Mengyao Zhai , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Sepidehsadat Hosseini , Frederick Tung

Transformers evaluated in a single, fixed-depth pass are provably limited in expressive power to the constant-depth circuit class TC0. Running a Transformer autoregressively removes that ceiling -- first in next-token prediction and, more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mrinal Mathur , Mike Doan , Barak Pearlmutter , Sergey Plis

Recent breakthroughs in natural language processing show that attention mechanism in Transformer networks, trained via masked-token prediction, enables models to capture the semantic context of the tokens and internalize the grammar of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Oguz Bedir , Nurullah Sevim , Mostafa Ibrahim , Sabit Ekin

Information flows by routes inside the network via mechanisms implemented in the model. These routes can be represented as graphs where nodes correspond to token representations and edges to operations inside the network. We automatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Javier Ferrando , Elena Voita

The success of Transformer language models is widely credited to their dot-product attention mechanism, which interweaves a set of key design principles: mixing information across positions (enabling multi-token interactions),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Huiyin Xue , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Nikolaos Aletras

Transformer-based neural decoders have emerged as a promising approach to error correction coding, combining data-driven adaptability with efficient modeling of long-range dependencies. This paper presents a novel decoder architecture that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Chin Wa Lau , Xiang Shi , Ziyan Zheng , Haiwen Cao , Nian Guo

Despite their central role in the success of foundational models and large-scale language modeling, the theoretical foundations governing the operation of Transformers remain only partially understood. Contemporary research has largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sagar Ghosh , Kushal Bose , Swagatam Das

Recent studies in interpretability have explored the inner workings of transformer models trained on tasks across various domains, often discovering that these networks naturally develop highly structured representations. When such…