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In complex inferential tasks like question answering, machine learning models must confront two challenges: the need to implement a compositional reasoning process, and, in many applications, the need for this reasoning process to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Ronghang Hu , Jacob Andreas , Trevor Darrell , Kate Saenko

High-dimensional observations are a major challenge in the application of model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) to real-world environments. To handle high-dimensional sensory inputs, existing approaches use representation learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Tung Nguyen , Rui Shu , Tuan Pham , Hung Bui , Stefano Ermon

A discourse planner for (task-oriented) dialogue must be able to make choices about whether relevant, but optional information (for example, the "satellites" in an RST-based planner) should be communicated. We claim that effective text…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Marilyn Walker , Owen Rambow

Humans navigate in their environment by learning a mental model of the world through passive observation and active interaction. Their world model allows them to anticipate what might happen next and act accordingly with respect to an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Anthony Hu

This contribution argues that the notion of time used in the scientific modeling of reality deprives time of its real nature. Difficulties from logic paradoxes to mathematical incompleteness and numerical uncertainty ensue. How can the…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Roger White , Wolfgang Banzhaf

We propose a novel cognitively-inspired method to improve and interpret physical simulation in vision-language models. Our ``Chain of Time" method involves generating a series of intermediate images during a simulation, and it is motivated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 YingQiao Wang , Eric Bigelow , Boyi Li , Tomer Ullman

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown strong performance on static visual understanding, yet they still struggle with dynamic spatial reasoning that requires imagining how scenes evolve under egocentric motion. Recent efforts address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Wanyue Zhang , Wenxiang Wu , Wang Xu , Jiaxin Luo , Helu Zhi , Yibin Huang , Shuo Ren , Zitao Liu , Jiajun Zhang

The interpretation of spatial references is highly contextual, requiring joint inference over both language and the environment. We consider the task of spatial reasoning in a simulated environment, where an agent can act and receive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Michael Janner , Karthik Narasimhan , Regina Barzilay

While large language models (LLMs) excel in mathematical and code reasoning, we observe they struggle with social reasoning tasks, exhibiting cognitive confusion, logical inconsistencies, and conflation between objective world states and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jialu Du , Guiyang Hou , Yihui Fu , Chen Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in knowledge representation and reasoning based on textual data. However, their reliance on language material alone limits their ability to adapt, verify reasoning outcomes,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Hong Su

In this introductory article we present the basics of an approach to implementing computational interpreting of natural language aiming to model the meanings of words and phrases. Unlike other approaches, we attempt to define the meanings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Michael Kapustin , Pavlo Kapustin

The role of mental simulation in human physical reasoning is widely acknowledged, but whether it is employed across scenarios with varying simulation costs and where its boundary lies remains unclear. Using a pouring-marble task, our human…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-05-20 Shiqian Li , Yuxi Ma , Jiajun Yan , Bo Dai , Yujia Peng , Chi Zhang , Yixin Zhu

Human reasoning relies on constructing and manipulating mental models -- simplified internal representations of situations used to understand and solve problems. Conceptual diagrams (e.g., a sketch drawn to aid reasoning) externalize these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Roei Herzig , Eduard Oks , Trevor Darrell , Rogerio Feris , Leonid Karlinsky

Intelligent software systems continuously analyze their surrounding environment and accordingly adapt their internal state. Depending on the criticality index of the situation, the system should dynamically focus or widen its analysis and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-07-18 Thomas Hartmann , Francois Fouquet , Yves Le Traon , Brice Morin

Although many investigators affirm a desire to build reasoning systems that behave consistently with the axiomatic basis defined by probability theory and utility theory, limited resources for engineering and computation can make a complete…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Eric J. Horvitz

There is a clear desire to model and comprehend human behavior. Trends in research covering this topic show a clear assumption that many view human reasoning as the presupposed standard in artificial reasoning. As such, topics such as game…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Andrew Fuchs , Andrea Passarella , Marco Conti

Language models (LMs) have been used in cognitive modeling as well as engineering studies -- they compute information-theoretic complexity metrics that simulate humans' cognitive load during reading. This study highlights a limitation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Yohei Oseki , Ana Brassard , Kentaro Inui

Human physical reasoning relies on internal "body" representations - coarse, volumetric approximations that capture an object's extent and support intuitive predictions about motion and physics. While psychophysical evidence suggests humans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Andrey Gizdov , Andrea Procopio , Yichen Li , Daniel Harari , Tomer Ullman

Agents built on vision-language models increasingly face tasks that demand anticipating future states rather than relying on short-horizon reasoning. Generative world models offer a promising remedy: agents could use them as external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Cheng Qian , Emre Can Acikgoz , Bingxuan Li , Xiusi Chen , Yuji Zhang , Bingxiang He , Qinyu Luo , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur , Yunzhu Li , Heng Ji

Existing decision-theoretic reasoning frameworks such as decision networks use simple data structures and processes. However, decisions are often made based on complex data structures, such as social networks and protein sequences, and rich…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Brian E. Ruttenberg , Avi Pfeffer