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Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities. To further enhance LLM capabilities, recent agentic systems, such as Deep Research, incorporate web interactions into LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Song Bian , Minghao Yan , Anand Jayarajan , Gennady Pekhimenko , Shivaram Venkataraman

Large Language Model (LLM) code agents increasingly resolve repository-level issues by iteratively editing code, invoking tools, and validating candidate patches. In these workflows, agents often write tests on the fly, but the value of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zhi Chen , Zhensu Sun , Yuling Shi , Chao Peng , Xiaodong Gu , David Lo , Lingxiao Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are frequently discussed in academia and the general public as support tools for virtually any use case that relies on the production of text, including software engineering. Currently there is much debate, but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Ranim Khojah , Mazen Mohamad , Philipp Leitner , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto

Recently, the frontier of Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities has shifted from single-turn code generation to agentic software engineering-a paradigm where models autonomously navigate, edit, and test complex repositories. While…

Recent advances in agentic AI have shifted the focus from standalone Large Language Models (LLMs) to integrated systems that combine LLMs with tools, memory, and other agents to perform complex tasks. These multi-agent architectures enable…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Sreemaee Akshathala , Bassam Adnan , Mahisha Ramesh , Karthik Vaidhyanathan , Basil Muhammed , Kannan Parthasarathy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in advancing natural language processing but often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to inefficient attention distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased computed tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Generative optimization uses large language models (LLMs) to iteratively improve artifacts (such as code, workflows or prompts) using execution feedback. It is a promising approach to building self-improving agents, yet in practice remains…

Agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in the software industry, contributing code as collaborators or even autonomous developers. As their presence grows, it becomes important to assess the current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Qixing Zhou , Jiacheng Zhang , Haiyang Wang , Rui Hao , Jiahe Wang , Minghao Han , Yuxue Yang , Shuzhe Wu , Feiyang Pan , Lue Fan , Dandan Tu , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Quality assurance of web applications is critical, as web applications play an essential role in people's daily lives. To reduce labor costs, automated web GUI testing (AWGT) is widely adopted, exploring web applications via GUI actions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chenxu Liu , Zhiyu Gu , Guoquan Wu , Ying Zhang , Jun Wei , Tao Xie

Multi-agent LLM frameworks are widely used to accelerate the development of agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs). These frameworks impose distinct architectural structures that govern how agents interact, store information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Abdelghny Orogat , Ana Rostam , Essam Mansour

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in automated code generation. In real-world software engineering, the growing demand for rapid iteration and continuous delivery underscores the importance of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Qianhui Zhao , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Junhang Cheng , Chengru Wu , Junchen Ai , Qiaoyuanhe Meng , Lichen Zhang , Xiaoli Lian , Shubin Song , Yuanping Guo

Most vision-language models (VLMs) apply a large language model (LLM) as the decoder, where the response tokens are generated sequentially through autoregression. Therefore, the number of output tokens can be the bottleneck of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sixun Dong , Juhua Hu , Steven Li , Wei Wen , Qi Qian

We consider a single large language model (LLM) server that serves a heterogeneous stream of queries belonging to $N$ distinct task types. Queries arrive according to a Poisson process, and each type occurs with a known prior probability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Emre Ozbas , Melih Bastopcu

Numerous software analysis tools exist today, yet applying them to diverse open-source projects remains challenging due to environment setup, dependency resolution, and tool configuration. LLM-based agents offer a potential solution, yet no…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Islem Bouzenia , Cristian Cadar , Michael Pradel

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved remarkable results in complex multi-step tasks, such as mathematical reasoning and agentic software engineering. However, they often struggle to maintain consistent performance across…

Multi-agent systems (MAS) based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in collaborative problem-solving. However, they still face substantial challenges of low communication efficiency and suboptimal task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhexuan Wang , Yutong Wang , Xuebo Liu , Liang Ding , Miao Zhang , Jie Liu , Min Zhang

Multi-agent applications often execute complex tasks as multi-stage workflows, where each stage is an LLM call whose output becomes part of context for subsequent steps. Existing LLM serving systems largely assume homogeneous clusters with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kangqi Ni , Wenyue Hua , Xiaoxiang Shi , Jiang Guo , Shiyu Chang , Tianlong Chen

Evaluating the quality of machine-generated natural language content is a challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Recently, large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have been employed for this purpose, but they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Daniil Larionov , Steffen Eger

Recent work demonstrated great promise in the idea of orchestrating collaborations between LLMs, human input, and various tools to address the inherent limitations of LLMs. We propose a novel perspective called semantic decoding, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Maxime Peyrard , Martin Josifoski , Robert West

The potential of Large Language Model (LLM) as agents has been widely acknowledged recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to quantitatively \textit{evaluate LLMs as agents} on challenging tasks in interactive environments. We present…