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Searching for Gravitational-Wave Counterparts using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite

In 2017, the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave (GW) detectors, in conjunction with electromagnetic (EM) astronomers, observed the first GW multi-messenger astrophysical event, the binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817. This marked the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-20 Geoffrey Mo , Rahul Jayaraman , Michael Fausnaugh , Erik Katsavounidis , George R. Ricker , Roland Vanderspek

Using Neural Networks to Perform Rapid High-Dimensional Kilonova Parameter Inference

On the 17th of August, 2017 came the simultaneous detections of GW170817, a gravitational wave that originated from the coalescence of two neutron stars, along with the gamma-ray burst GRB170817A, and the kilonova counterpart AT2017gfo.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-14 Mouza Almualla , Yuhong Ning , Pouyan Salehi , Mattia Bulla , Tim Dietrich , Michael W. Coughlin , Nidhal Guessoum

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. III. Optical and UV Spectra of a Blue Kilonova From Fast Polar Ejecta

We present optical and ultraviolet spectra of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave (GW) source, the binary neutron star merger GW170817. Spectra were obtained nightly between 1.5 and 9.5 days post-merger, using the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-17 M. Nicholl , E. Berger , D. Kasen , B. D. Metzger , J. Elias , C. Briceno , K. D. Alexander , P. K. Blanchard , R. Chornock , P. S. Cowperthwaite , T. Eftekhari , W. Fong , R. Margutti , V. A. Villar , P. K. G. Williams , W. Brown , J. Annis , A. Bahramian , D. Brout , D. A. Brown , H. -Y. Chen , J. C. Clemens , E. Dennihy , B. Dunlap , D. E. Holz , E. Marchesini , F. Massaro , N. Moskowitz , I. Pelisoli , A. Rest , F. Ricci , M. Sako , M. Soares-Santos , J. Strader

A Kilonova Following a Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst at 350 Mpc

Here, we report the discovery of a kilonova associated with the nearby (350 Mpc) minute-duration GRB 211211A. In tandem with deep optical limits that rule out the presence of an accompanying supernova to $M_I > -13$ mag at 17.7 days…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-21 J. C. Rastinejad , B. P. Gompertz , A. J. Levan , W. Fong , M. Nicholl , G. P. Lamb , D. B. Malesani , A. E. Nugent , S. R. Oates , N. R. Tanvir , A. de Ugarte Postigo , C. D. Kilpatrick , C. J. Moore , B. D. Metzger , M. E. Ravasio , A. Rossi , G. Schroeder , J. Jencson , D. J. Sand , N. Smith , J. F. Agüí Fernández , E. Berger , P. K. Blanchard , R. Chornock , B. E. Cobb , M. De Pasquale , J. P. U. Fynbo , L. Izzo , D. A. Kann , T. Laskar , E. Marini , K. Paterson , A. Rouco Escorial , H. M. Sears , C. C. Thöne

Kilonovae

The mergers of double neutron star (NS-NS) and black hole (BH)-NS binaries are promising gravitational wave (GW) sources for Advanced LIGO and future GW detectors. The neutron-rich ejecta from such merger events undergoes rapid neutron…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-07-19 Brian D. Metzger

A Bayesian inference of relativistic mean-field model for neutron star matter from observation of NICER and GW170817/AT2017gfo

The observations of optical and near-infrared counterparts of binary neutron star mergers not only enrich our knowledge about the abundance of heavy elements in the Universe, or help reveal the remnant object just after the merger as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-09 Zhenyu Zhu , Ang Li , Tong Liu

$^{56}$Ni production in long-lived binary neutron star merger remnants

We investigate the nucleosynthesis and kilonova emission based on numerical-relativity binary neutron star merger simulations that incorporate a two-moment neutrino-transport scheme. Unlike in previous works with simpler neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-25 Maximilian Jacobi , Fabio Magistrelli , Eleonora Loffredo , Giacomo Ricigliano , Leonardo Chiesa , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Albino Perego , Almudena Arcones

How Many Kilonovae Can Be Found in Past, Present, and Future Survey Datasets?

The discovery of a kilonova (KN) associated with the Advanced LIGO (aLIGO)/Virgo event GW170817 opens up new avenues of multi-messenger astrophysics. Here, using realistic simulations, we provide estimates of the number of KNe that could be…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-10 D. Scolnic , R. Kessler , D. Brout , P. S. Cowperthwaite , M. Soares-Santos , J. Annis , K. Herner , H. -Y. Chen , M. Sako , Z. Doctor , R. E. Butler , A. Palmese , H. T. Diehl , J. Frieman , D. E. Holz , E. Berger , R. Chornock , V. A. Villar , M. Nicholl , R. Biswas , R. Hounsell , R. J. Foley , J. Metzger , A. Rest , J. García-Bellido , A. Möller , P. Nugent , T. M. C. Abbott , F. B. Abdalla , S. Allam , K. Bechtol , A. Benoit-Lévy , E. Bertin , D. Brooks , E. Buckley-Geer , A. Carnero Rosell , M. Carrasco Kind , J. Carretero , F. J. Castander , C. E. Cunha , C. B. D'Andrea , L. N. da Costa , C. Davis , P. Doel , A. Drlica-Wagner , T. F. Eifler , B. Flaugher , P. Fosalba , E. Gaztanaga , D. W. Gerdes , D. Gruen , R. A. Gruendl , J. Gschwend , G. Gutierrez , W. G. Hartley , K. Honscheid , D. J. James , M. W. G. Johnson , M. D. Johnson , E. Krause , K. Kuehn , S. Kuhlmann , O. Lahav , T. S. Li , M. Lima , M. A. G. Maia , M. March , J. L. Marshall , F. Menanteau , R. Miquel , E. Neilsen , A. A. Plazas , E. Sanchez , V. Scarpine , M. Schubnell , I. Sevilla-Noarbe , M. Smith , R. C. Smith , F. Sobreira , E. Suchyta , M. E. C. Swanson , G. Tarle , R. C. Thomas , D. L. Tucker , A. R. Walker , DES Collaboration

Kilonova Emission From Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers. II. Luminosity Function and Implications for Target-of-opportunity Observations of Gravitational-wave Triggers and Blind Searches

We present detailed simulations of black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) mergers kilonova and gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow and kilonova luminosity function, and discuss the detectability of electromagnetic (EM) counterpart in connection with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-12 Jin-Ping Zhu , Shichao Wu , Yuan-Pei Yang , Bing Zhang , He Gao , Yun-Wei Yu , Zhuo Li , Zhoujian Cao , Liang-Duan Liu , Yan Huang , Xing-Han Zhang

The impact of binary neutron star outflow mass models on kilonova parameter estimation

The ejecta from binary neutron star mergers, which powers its associated kilonova, can inform us about source properties, merger dynamics, and the dense nuclear matter equation of state. While now in the era of multi-messenger astronomy, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-08 Amelia Henkel , Francois Foucart , Selah Melfor , Samaya Nissanke , Alexandra Wernersson , Uddipta Bhardwaj

Electromagnetic follow-up of gravitational waves: review and lessons learned

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) has provided a new tool to study the Universe, with the scientific return enriched when combined with established probes: electromagnetic (EM) radiation and energetic particles. Since the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-25 Matt Nicholl , Igor Andreoni

The Challenges Ahead for Multimessenger Analyses of Gravitational Waves and Kilonova: a Case Study on GW190425

In recent years, there have been significant advances in multi-messenger astronomy due to the discovery of the first, and so far only confirmed, gravitational wave event with a simultaneous electromagnetic (EM) counterpart, as well as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-15 Geert Raaijmakers , Samaya Nissanke , Francois Foucart , Mansi M. Kasliwal , Mattia Bulla , Rodrigo Fernandez , Amelia Henkel , Tanja Hinderer , Kenta Hotokezaka , Kamilė Lukošiūtė , Tejaswi Venumadhav , Sarah Antier , Michael W. Coughlin , Tim Dietrich , Thomas D. P. Edwards

Spectroscopic r-Process Abundance Retrieval for Kilonovae II: Lanthanides in the Inferred Abundance Patterns of Multi-Component Ejecta from the GW170817 Kilonova

In kilonovae, freshly-synthesized $r$-process elements imprint features on optical spectra, as observed in AT2017gfo, the counterpart to the GW170817 binary neutron star merger. However, measuring the $r$-process compositions of the merger…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-25 Nicholas Vieira , John J. Ruan , Daryl Haggard , Nicole M. Ford , Maria R. Drout , Rodrigo Fernández

Kilonova Emissions from Neutron Star Merger Remnants: Implications for Nuclear Equation of State

Multi-messenger observation of binary neutron-star mergers can provide valuable information on the nuclear equation of state (EoS). Here, we investigate to which extent electromagnetic observations of the associated kilonovae allow us to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-22 Kelsey A. Lund , Rahul Somasundaram , Gail C. McLaughlin , Jonah M. Miller , Matthew R. Mumpower , Ingo Tews

Kilonova Light-Curve Interpolation with Neural Networks

Kilonovae are the electromagnetic transients created by the radioactive decay of freshly synthesized elements in the environment surrounding a neutron star merger. To study the fundamental physics in these complex environments, kilonova…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-17 Yinglei Peng , Marko Ristić , Atul Kedia , Richard O'Shaughnessy , Christopher J. Fontes , Chris L. Fryer , Oleg Korobkin , Matthew R. Mumpower , V. Ashley Villar , Ryan T. Wollaeger

A strategy for LSST to unveil a population of kilonovae without gravitational-wave triggers

We present a cadence optimization strategy to unveil a large population of kilonovae using optical imaging alone. These transients are generated during binary neutron star and potentially neutron star-black hole mergers and are…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-15 Igor Andreoni , Shreya Anand , Federica B. Bianco , Brad Cenko , Philip Cowperthwaite , Michael W. Coughlin , Maria Drout , V. Zach Golkhou , David Kaplan , Kunal P. Mooley , Tyler A. Pritchard , Leo P. Singer , Sara Webb

Gamma-rays from kilonova: a potential probe of r-process nucleosynthesis

The mergers of compact binaries with at least one neutron star component are the potential leading sites of the production and ejection of $r$-process elements. Discoveries of galactic binary pulsars, short gamma-ray bursts, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-10 Oleg Korobkin , Aimee M. Hungerford , Christopher L. Fryer , Matthew R. Mumpower , G. Wendell Misch , Trevor M. Sprouse , Jonas Lippuner , Rebecca Surman , Aaron J. Couture , Peter F. Bloser , Farzane Shirazi , Wesley P. Even , W. Thomas Vestrand , Richard S. Miller

EP241021a: a months-duration X-ray transient with luminous optical and radio emission

We present the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient, EP241021a, by the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, and the results from multiwavelength follow-up observations. The transient was first detected with the Wide-field X-ray Telescope as an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-09 Shu Xinwen , Yang Lei , Yang Haonan , Xu Fan , Chen Jinhong , Eyles-Ferris Rob A. J. , Dai Lixin , Yu Yunwei , Shen Rongfeng , Sun Luming , Ding Hucheng , Jiang Ning , Li Wenxiong , Sun Ningchen , Xu Dong , Zheng Weikang , Zhang Zhumao , Jin Chichuan , Rau Arne , Wang Tinggui , Wu Xuefeng , Yuan Weimin , Zhang Bing , Nandra Kirpal , Aguado David S. , An Fangxia , An Tao , An Jie , Andrews Moira , Anutarawiramkul Rungrit , Baldini Pietro , Brink Thomas G. , Butpa Pathompong , Cai Zhiming , Castro-Tirado Alberto J. , Cheng Huaqing , Cui Weiwei , Farah Joseph , Filippenko Alexei V. , Fu Shaoyu , Johan P. U. Fynbo , Gao Xing , Han Dawei , Han Xuhui , Howell D. Andrew , Hu Jingwei , Jiang Shuaiqing , Kumar Amit , Lei Weihua , Li Dongyue , Li Chengkui , Liu Huaqiu , Liu Xing , Liu Yuan , López-Oramas Alicia , Fernández-Nespral David López , Maund Justyn R. , McCully Curtis , Niu Zexi , Newsome Megan , Paul O'Brien , Pan Haiwu , Padilla Gonzalez Estefania , Pérez-Fournon Ismael , Poidevin Frédérick , Silim Walter , Soria Roberto , Sun Hui , Sun Shengli , Sun Xiaojin , Terreran Giacomo , Tinyanont Samaporn , Wang Junxian , Wang Yanan , Wang Yun , Wiersema Klass , Xu Yunfei , Xue Yongquan , Zhang Fabao , Zhang Juan , Zhang Pinpin , Zhang Wenda , Zhang Yonghe , Zhao Haisheng , Zhu Zipei

Radiative transfer simulation for the optical and near-infrared electromagnetic counterparts to GW170817

Recent detection of gravitational waves from a binary-neutron star merger (GW170817) and the subsequent observations of electromagnetic counterparts provide a great opportunity to study the physics of compact binary mergers. The optical and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-10 Kyohei Kawaguchi , Masaru Shibata , Masaomi Tanaka

Axisymmetric Radiative Transfer Models of Kilonovae

The detailed observations of GW170817 proved for the first time directly that neutron star mergers are a major production site of heavy elements. The observations could be fit by a number of simulations that qualitatively agree, but can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-14 Oleg Korobkin , Ryan Wollaeger , Christopher Fryer , Aimee L. Hungerford , Stephan Rosswog , Christopher Fontes , Matthew Mumpower , Eve Chase , Wesley Even , Jonah M. Miller , G. Wendell Misch , Jonas Lippuner