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The push to compress and impart the proficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) into more deployable and efficient Small Language Models (SLMs) has benefited from improvements in knowledge distillation (KD) techniques. These techniques…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Shreyansh Padarha

Distilling large language models (LLMs) typically involves transferring the teacher model's responses through supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, this approach neglects the potential to distill both data (output content) and reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yudi Zhang , Lu Wang , Meng Fang , Yali Du , Chenghua Huang , Jun Wang , Qingwei Lin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Dongmei Zhang , Saravan Rajmohan , Qi Zhang

Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) facilitates efficient inference by distilling multi-step diffusion models into few-step variants. Concurrently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a vital tool for aligning generative models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Dengyang Jiang , Dongyang Liu , Zanyi Wang , Qilong Wu , Liuzhuozheng Li , Hengzhuang Li , Xin Jin , David Liu , Changsheng Lu , Zhen Li , Bo Zhang , Mengmeng Wang , Steven Hoi , Peng Gao , Harry Yang

Diffusion models achieve state-of-the-art generative performance but are fundamentally bottlenecked by their slow, iterative sampling process. While diffusion distillation techniques enable high-fidelity, few-step generation, traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Linqian Fan , Peiqin Sun , Tiancheng Wen , Shun Lu , Chengru Song

Owing to their powerful semantic reasoning capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been effectively utilized as recommenders, achieving impressive performance. However, the high inference latency of LLMs significantly restricts…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yu Cui , Feng Liu , Pengbo Wang , Bohao Wang , Heng Tang , Yi Wan , Jun Wang , Jiawei Chen

The reward model (RM), as the core component of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for large language models (LLMs), responsible for providing reward signals to generated responses. However, the mainstream discriminative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jianxiang Zang

We introduce a novel approach to large language model (LLM) distillation by formulating it as a constrained reinforcement learning problem. While recent work has begun exploring the integration of task-specific rewards into distillation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Matthieu Zimmer , Xiaotong Ji , Tu Nguyen , Haitham Bou Ammar

Over the past year, the emergence of transfer learning with large-scale language models (LM) has led to dramatic performance improvements across a broad range of natural language understanding tasks. However, the size and memory footprint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Luke Melas-Kyriazi , George Han , Celine Liang

This work studies knowledge distillation (KD) for large language models (LLMs) through preference optimization. We propose a reward-guided imitation learning framework for sequential KD, formulating a min-max optimization problem between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chen Jia

Large language models have recently enabled a generative paradigm for query expansion, but their high inference cost makes direct deployment difficult in practical retrieval systems. To address this issue, a retrieval-feedback-driven…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Minghan Li , Guodong Zhou

Aligning small language models (SLMs) with human values typically involves distilling preference knowledge from large language models (LLMs). However, existing distillation methods model preference knowledge in teacher LLMs by comparing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yanggan Gu , Junzhuo Li , Sirui Huang , Xin Zou , Zhenghua Li , Xuming Hu

Post-training of language models (LMs) increasingly relies on the following two stages: (i) knowledge distillation, where the LM is trained to imitate a larger teacher LM, and (ii) reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Daniil Tiapkin , Daniele Calandriello , Johan Ferret , Sarah Perrin , Nino Vieillard , Alexandre Ramé , Mathieu Blondel

In natural language processing (NLP) tasks, slow inference speed and huge footprints in GPU usage remain the bottleneck of applying pre-trained deep models in production. As a popular method for model compression, knowledge distillation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Fei Yuan , Linjun Shou , Jian Pei , Wutao Lin , Ming Gong , Yan Fu , Daxin Jiang

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training has recently driven major gains in long chain-of-thought reasoning large language models (LLMs), but the high inference cost of such models motivates distillation into smaller students. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhaoyang Zhang , Shuli Jiang , Yantao Shen , Yuting Zhang , Dhananjay Ram , Shuo Yang , Zhuowen Tu , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

Despite the success of distillation in large language models (LLMs), most prior work applies identical loss functions to both teacher- and student-generated data. These strategies overlook the synergy between loss formulations and data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jongwoo Ko , Tianyi Chen , Sungnyun Kim , Tianyu Ding , Luming Liang , Ilya Zharkov , Se-Young Yun

Recent analyses question whether reinforcement learning (RL) is responsible for strong reasoning in large language models (LLMs). At the same time, distillation and inference-time sampling, including power sampling, have emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Akiyoshi Tomihari , Issei Sato

Query-service relevance prediction in e-commerce search systems faces strict latency requirements that prevent the direct application of Large Language Models (LLMs). To bridge this gap, we propose a two-stage reasoning distillation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Runze Xia , Yupeng Ji , Yuxi Zhou , Haodong Liu , Teng Zhang , Piji Li

Large language models have become increasingly popular and demonstrated remarkable performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models are typically computationally expensive and difficult to be deployed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Dongheng Li , Yongchang Hao , Lili Mou

In the field of large language models (LLMs), Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a critical technique for transferring capabilities from teacher models to student models. However, existing KD methods face limitations and challenges in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yixing Li , Yuxian Gu , Li Dong , Dequan Wang , Yu Cheng , Furu Wei

Recent research has explored distilling knowledge from large language models (LLMs) to optimize retriever models, especially within the retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework. However, most existing training methods rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zizhong Li , Haopeng Zhang , Jiawei Zhang
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