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To recognize gravitational wave lensing events and being able to differentiate between similar lens models will be of crucial importance once one will be observing several lensing events of gravitational waves per year. In this work, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-03 Paolo Cremonese , David F. Mota , Vincenzo Salzano

Non-static gravitational fields generally introduce frequency shifts when bending light. In this paper, I discuss the frequency shifts induced in the bending of light by moving masses. As examples, I treat the recently discovered…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. D. Morley

Gravitational lensing is predicted by general relativity and is found in observations. When a gravitating body is surrounded by a plasma, the lensing angle depends on a frequency of the electromagnetic wave due to refraction properties, and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan , O. Yu. Tsupko

We explore the impact of corrections to the propagation on the waveforms of gravitationally lensed gravitational waves under the geometrical optics approximation, focusing on both uniform cosmological modifications and local modifications…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-03 Hiroki Takeda , Takahiro Tanaka

Gravitational waves affect the observed direction of light from distant sources. At telescopes, this change in direction appears as periodic variations in the apparent positions of these sources on the sky; that is, as proper motion. A wave…

Gravitational lens models, some of which might act as if a concave lens, have been recently investigated by using a static and spherically symmetric modified spacetime metric that depends on the inverse distance to the $n$-th power…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-19 Koki Nakajima , Koji Izumi , Hideki Asada

We discuss the gravitational lensing of gravitational wave signals from coalescing binaries. We delineate the regime where wave effects are significant from the regime where geometric limit can be used. Further, we focus on the effect of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-18 Ashish Kumar Meena , J S Bagla

Gravitational lensing offers unique opportunities to learn about the astrophysical origin of distant sources, the abundance of intervening objects acting as lenses, and gravity and cosmology in general. However, all this information can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-20 Anson Chen , Paolo Cremonese , Jose María Ezquiaga , David Keitel

The effect of currents of mass on bending of light rays is considered in the weak field regime. Following Fermat's principle and the standard theory of gravitational lensing, we derive the gravitomagnetic correction to time delay function…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Sereno

Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy offers the potential to probe the wave-optics regime of gravitational lensing. Wave optics (WO) effects are relevant at low frequencies, when the wavelength is comparable to the characteristic lensing time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-06 Giovanni Tambalo , Miguel Zumalacárregui , Liang Dai , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung

The gravitational lensing of gravitational waves might cause beat patterns detectable by interferometers. The feature of this kind of signal is the existence of the beat pattern in the early inspiral phase, followed by a seemingly randomly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-10 Shaoqi Hou , Xi-Long Fan , Kai Liao , Zong-Hong Zhu

An intervening galaxy acts as a gravitational lens and produces multiple images of a single source such as a remote galaxy. Galaxies have peculiar speeds in addition to the bulk motion arising due to the expansion of the universe. There is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-23 Gihan Weerasekara , Thulsi Wickramasinghe , Chandana Jayaratne

We study the influence of general lens and source velocities on the gravitational deflection of light by single and two-point-mass microlenses with general axis orientation. We demonstrate that in all cases the lens equation preserves its…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 David Heyrovsky

Gravitational waves from the distant sources are gravitationally lensed during their propagation through the intervening matter inhomogeneities before arriving at detectors. It has been proposed in the literature that the variance of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-15 Makoto Inamori , Teruaki Suyama

Gravitational lensing by a spinning deflector in translational motion relative to the observer is discussed in the weak field, slow motion approximation. The effect of rotation, which generates an intrinsic gravito-magnetic field, separates…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Sereno

Gravitational waves (GWs) from distant sources such as inspiralling and merging stellar-mass compact binaries, intermediate-mass and supermassive-binary-black-hole can be gravitationally lensed by intervening objects, ranging from stars and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhiwei Chen , Youjun Lu

The laws of geometric optics and their corrections are derived for scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational waves propagating in generic curved spacetimes. Local peeling-type results are obtained, where different components of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-08 Abraham I. Harte

Continuous gravitational waves are analogous to monochromatic light and therefore could be used to detect wave effects like interference or diffraction. This would be possible with strongly lensed gravitational waves. This article reviews…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-02 Marek Biesiada , Sreekanth Harikumar

It has been proposed to study gravitational lenses from measurements of the spectrum of the fluctuations of the output current of a quadratic detector. The spatial correlation coefficient of the source is the fundamental parameter of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ermanno F. Borra

Observations of strongly gravitationally lensed gravitational wave (GW) sources provide a unique opportunity for constraining their transverse motion, which otherwise is exceedingly hard for GW mergers in general. Strong lensing makes this…