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The evolution of Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) enables programmable and intelligent control of radio resources through disaggregated architectures and open interfaces. However, existing solutions typically rely on isolated control…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Anastasios Giannopoulos , Sotirios Spantideas , Panagiotis Trakadas

The Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN)-which is being standardized, among others, by the O-RAN Alliance-is bringing a radical transformation to the cellular ecosystem through the notions of disaggregation and RAN Intelligent Controllers…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Salvatore D'Oro , Michele Polese , Leonardo Bonati , Hai Cheng , Tommaso Melodia

The disaggregated, distributed and virtualised implementation of radio access networks allows for dynamic resource allocation. These attributes can be realised by virtue of the Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) architecture. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Łukasz Kułacz , Adrian Kliks , Syed A. Zaidi , Marcin Dryjanski , Des McLernon

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has introduced an emerging RAN architecture that enables openness, intelligence, and automated control. The RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) provides the platform to design and deploy RAN controllers. xApps…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Mohammadreza Kouchaki , Vuk Marojevic

Open Radio Access Networks (RANs) leverage disaggregated and programmable RAN functions and open interfaces to enable closed-loop, data-driven radio resource management. This is performed through custom intelligent applications on the RAN…

The integration of Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) principles into 5G networks introduces a paradigm shift in how radio resources are managed and optimized. O-RAN's open architecture enables the deployment of intelligent applications…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-02 A. K. Subudhi , A. Piccioni , V. Gudepu , A. Marotta , F. Graziosi , R. M. Hegde , K. Kondepu

The transition toward softwarized Radio Access Networks (RANs), driven by the Open RAN (O-RAN) paradigm, enables flexible, vendor-neutral deployments through disaggregation and virtualization of base station functions. However, this shift…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francisco Crespo , Javier Villegas , Carlos Baena , Eduardo Baena , Sergio Fortes , Raquel Barco

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture aims to support a plethora of network services, such as beam management and network slicing, through the use of third-party applications called xApps. To efficiently provide network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Federico Mungari , Corrado Puligheddu , Andres Garcia-Saavedra , Carla Fabiana Chiasserini

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) offers an open, programmable architecture for next-generation wireless networks, enabling advanced control through AI-based applications on the near-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller (near-RT RIC).…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ryan Barker , Alireza Ebrahimi Dorcheh , Tolunay Seyfi , Fatemeh Afghah

In mobile networks, Open Radio Access Network (ORAN) provides a framework for implementing network slicing that interacts with the resources at the lower layers. Both monitoring and Radio Access Network (RAN) control is feasible for both 4G…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Andreas Casparsen , Beatriz Soret , Jimmy Jessen Nielsen , Petar Popovski

This paper introduces a proactive Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mobility management xApp for Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Near Real-Time Radio Intelligent Controller (Near-RT RIC) environments, employing Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Syed Ali Zaidi , Aubida A. Al-Hameed , Abdelaziz Salama , Des Mclernon

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) along with artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud and edge networking, and virtualization are important enablers for designing flexible and software-driven programmable wireless networks. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Ali Fuat Sahin , Onur Salan , Ibrahim Hokelek , Ali Gorcin

Dynamic resource allocation in open radio access network (O-RAN) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) presents a complex optimisation challenge under varying user loads. We propose a near-real-time RAN intelligent controller (Near-RT RIC) xApp…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Oluwaseyi Giwa , Jonathan Shock , Jaco Du Toit , Tobi Awodumila

5G and beyond mobile networks will support heterogeneous use cases at an unprecedented scale, thus demanding automated control and optimization of network functionalities customized to the needs of individual users. Such fine-grained…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Andrea Lacava , Michele Polese , Rajarajan Sivaraj , Rahul Soundrarajan , Bhawani Shanker Bhati , Tarunjeet Singh , Tommaso Zugno , Francesca Cuomo , Tommaso Melodia

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Alliance proposes an open architecture that disaggregates the RAN and supports executing custom control logic in near-real time from third-party applications, the xApps. Despite O-RAN's efforts, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Joao F. Santos , Alexandre Huff , Daniel Campos , Kleber V. Cardoso , Cristiano B. Both , Luiz A. DaSilva

The highly heterogeneous ecosystem of Next Generation (NextG) wireless communication systems calls for novel networking paradigms where functionalities and operations can be dynamically and optimally reconfigured in real time to adapt to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Maria Tsampazi , Salvatore D'Oro , Michele Polese , Leonardo Bonati , Gwenael Poitau , Michael Healy , Tommaso Melodia

Recently, the concept of open radio access network (O-RAN) has been proposed, which aims to adopt intelligence and openness in the next generation radio access networks (RAN). It provides standardized interfaces and the ability to host…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Han Zhang , Hao Zhou , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is transforming the telecommunications landscape by enabling flexible, intelligent, and multi-vendor networks. Central to its architecture are xApps hosted on the Near-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Anastasios Giannopoulos , Sotirios Spantideas , Levis George , Kalafatelis Alexandros , Panagiotis Trakadas

Despite recommendations to deploy real-time Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) applications (dApps) in containerized environments, existing approaches predominantly rely on bare-metal servers. Moreover, current dApp deployments offer limited…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Conrado Boeira , Eduardo Baena , Andrea Lacava , Tommaso Melodia , Dimitrios Koutsonikolas , Israat Haque

The traditional black-box and monolithic approach to Radio Access Networks (RANs) has heavily limited flexibility and innovation. The Open RAN paradigm, and the architecture proposed by the O-RAN ALLIANCE, aim to address these limitations…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nicolo Longhi , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Roberto Verdone , Tommaso Melodia
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