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Softwarized and programmable Radio Access Networks (RANs) come with virtualized and disaggregated components, increasing the supply chain robustness and the flexibility and dynamism of the network deployments. This is a key tenet of Open…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Gabriele Gemmi , Michele Polese , Pedram Johari , Stefano Maxenti , Michael Seltser , Tommaso Melodia

The increasing complexity and dynamic nature of 5G open radio access networks (O-RAN) pose significant challenges to maintaining low latency, high throughput, and resource efficiency. While existing methods leverage machine learning for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Raúl Parada , Ebrahim Abu-Helalah , Jordi Serra , Anton Aguilar , Paolo Dini

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based slicing policies have shown significant success in simulated environments but face challenges in physical systems such as open radio access networks (O-RANs) due to simulation-to-reality gaps. These…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Ahmad M. Nagib , Hatem Abou-Zeid , Hossam S. Hassanein

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly mitigates the hallucinations and domain knowledge deficiency in large language models by incorporating external knowledge bases. However, the multi-module architecture of RAG introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanming Mu , Hao Hu , Feiyang Li , Qiao Yuan , Jiang Wu , Zichuan Liu , Pengcheng Liu , Mei Wang , Hongwei Zhou , Yuling Liu

The transition toward softwarized Radio Access Networks (RANs), driven by the Open RAN (O-RAN) paradigm, enables flexible, vendor-neutral deployments through disaggregation and virtualization of base station functions. However, this shift…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francisco Crespo , Javier Villegas , Carlos Baena , Eduardo Baena , Sergio Fortes , Raquel Barco

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) offers flexibility and innovation but introduces unique security vulnerabilities, particularly from cryptographically relevant quantum computers. While Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is the primary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Neha Gupta , Hamed Alimohammadi , Mohammad Shojafar , De Mi , Muhammad N. M. Bhutta

The ever-increasing reliance of critical services on network infrastructure coupled with the increased operational complexity of beyond-5G/6G networks necessitate the need for proactive and automated network fault management. The provision…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Babak Azkaei , Kishor Chandra Joshi , George Exarchakos

This paper presents our methodology and toolbox that allows analyzing the radio access network security of laboratory and commercial 4G and future 5G cellular networks. We leverage a free open-source software suite that implements the LTE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Thomas Byrd , Vuk Marojevic , Roger Piqueras Jover

The radio access network (RAN) part of the next-generation wireless networks will require efficient solutions for satisfying low latency and high-throughput services. The open RAN (O-RAN) is one of the candidates to achieve this goal, in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Turgay Pamuklu , Shahram Mollahasani , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Threat analysis is continuously growing in importance due to the always-increasing complexity and frequency of cyber attacks. Analyzing threats demands significant effort from security experts: different cybersecurity knowledge bases…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Andrea Ciavotta , Alessandro Palma , Simone Lenti , Silvia Bonomi

The increasingly sophisticated and growing number of threat actors along with the sheer speed at which cyber attacks unfold, make timely identification of attacks imperative to an organisations' security. Consequently, persons responsible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Clemens Sauerwein , Alexander Pfohl

The Internet of things (IoT) is still in its infancy and has attracted much interest in many industrial sectors including medical fields, logistics tracking, smart cities and automobiles. However as a paradigm, it is susceptible to a range…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-04-10 Elike Hodo , Xavier Bellekens , Andrew Hamilton , Pierre-louis Dubouilh , Ephraim Iorkyase , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

The Industrial Internet of Things devices due to their low cost and complexity are exposed to being hacked and utilized to attack the network infrastructure causing a so-called Signaling Storm. In this paper, we propose to utilize the Open…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Marcin Hoffmann , Pawel Kryszkiewicz

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN)-compliant solutions lack crucial details to perform effective control loops at multiple time scales. In this vein, we propose ORANUS, an O-RAN-compliant mathematical framework to allocate radio…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa , Lanfranco Zanzi , Vincenzo Sciancalepore , Andres Garcia-Saavedra , Xavier Costa-Pérez

We present a retrieval-augmented question answering framework for 5G/6G networks, where the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has become central to disaggregated, virtualized, and AI-driven wireless systems. While O-RAN enables multi-vendor…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nathan Conger , Nathan Scollar , Kemal Davaslioglu , Yalin E. Sagduyu , Sastry Kompella

The evolution of 6G envisions a wide range of applications and services characterized by highly differentiated and stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) technology has emerged as a transformative…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Noe M. Yungaicela-Naula , Vishal Sharma , Sandra Scott-Hayward

Next-generation wireless networks require intelligent traffic prediction to enable autonomous resource management and handle diverse, dynamic service demands. The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) framework provides a promising foundation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Abdelaziz Salama , Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Zeinab Nezami , Maryam Hafeez , Syed Ali Raza Zaidi

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is an emerging paradigm, whereby virtualized network infrastructure elements from different vendors communicate via open, standardized interfaces. A key element therein is the RAN Intelligent Controller…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Jorge Martín-Pérez , Nuria Molner , Francesco Malandrino , Carlos Jesús Bernardos , Antonio de la Oliva , David Gomez-Barquero

Autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, exemplified by OpenClaw, demonstrate remarkable capabilities in executing complex, long-horizon tasks. However, their tightly coupled instant-messaging interaction paradigm and high-privilege…

The Radio Access Network (RAN) is evolving into a programmable and disaggregated infrastructure that increasingly relies on AI-native algorithms for optimization and closed-loop control. However, current RAN intelligence is still largely…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ioannis Panitsas , Leandros Tassiulas