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With the rapid growth in data demand and stringent latency requirements of modern applications has driven significant interest in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations as an emerging solution for global Internet coverage. However,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Mudassar Liaq , Mahyar Tajeri , Peng Hu

In this paper, we propose a spatial-temporal learning-based distributed routing framework for dynamic Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, where graph attention networks (GAT) and long short-term memory (LSTM) are integrated within a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Po-Heng Chou , Chiapin Wang , Shou-Yu Chen , Hsiang-Ming Wang

End-to-end routing in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations (LSatCs) is a complex and dynamic problem. The topology, of finite size, is dynamic and predictable, the traffic from/to Earth and transiting the space segment is highly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Beatriz Soret , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Federico Lozano-Cuadra , Mathias D. Thorsager

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) with low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been regarded as promising remedies to support global ubiquitous wireless services. Due to the rapid mobility of LEO satellite, inter-beam/satellite handovers happen…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-16 Yang Cao , Shao-Yu Lien , Ying-Chang Liang , Dusit Niyato , Xuemin , Shen

Routing packets opportunistically is an essential part of multihop ad hoc wireless sensor networks. The existing routing techniques are not adaptive opportunistic. In this paper we have proposed an adaptive opportunistic routing scheme that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-11-01 G. Srinivas Rao , A. V. Ramana

Resilient routing in large-scale Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks remains a key challenge due to frequent and unpredictable link and node failures, potentially in response to cybersecurity breaches. While prior work has explored…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Lyubomir Yanev , Pietro Ronchetti , Joshua Smailes , Martin Strohmeier

A mega-constellation of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites has the potential to enable long-range communication with low latency. Integrating this with burgeoning unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted non-terrestrial networks will be a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Ju-Hyung Lee , Jihong Park , Mehdi Bennis , Young-Chai Ko

In this paper, the routing in massive low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks is studied. When the satellite-to-satellite communication distance is limited, we choose different relay satellites to minimize the latency in a constellation at…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

While routing in wireless networks has been studied extensively, existing protocols are typically designed for a specific set of network conditions and so cannot accommodate any drastic changes in those conditions. For instance, protocols…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Victoria Manfredi , Alicia Wolfe , Bing Wang , Xiaolan Zhang

Integrating contention-based random access procedures into low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication (SatCom) systems poses new challenges, including long propagation delays, large Doppler shifts, and a large number of simultaneous…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Hyunwoo Lee , Ian P. Roberts , Jinkyo Jeong , Daesik Hong

Multi orbit low earth orbit (LEO) satellites communication is envisioned as a key infrastructure to deliver global coverage, enabling future services from space air ground integrated networks.However, the optimized design of LEO which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Yingzhuo Sun , Yulan Gao , Ming Xiao , Zhu Han , Octavia A. Dobre

In recent years, LEO satellite constellations have become envisioned as a core component of the next-generation wireless communication networks. The successive establishment of mega satellite constellations has triggered further demands for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

The rise in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet services has led to increasing demand, often exceeding available data rates and compromising the quality of service. While deploying more satellites offers a short-term fix, designing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Olivier Bélanger , Jean-Luc Lupien , Olfa Ben Yahia , Stéphane Martel , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

Constructing earth-fixed cells with low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) has been the most promising paradigm to enable global coverage. The limited computing capabilities on LEO satellites however render…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-16 Yang Cao , Shao-Yu Lien , Ying-Chang Liang , Dusit Niyato , Xuemin , Shen

In recent years, with the large-scale deployment of space spacecraft entities and the increase of satellite onboard capabilities, delay/disruption tolerant network (DTN) emerged as a more robust communication protocol than TCP/IP in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Xue Sun , Changhao Li , Lei Yan , Suzhi Cao

Distributed training of machine learning models directly on satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) is considered. Based on a federated learning (FL) algorithm specifically targeted at the unique challenges of the satellite scenario, we design…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-07 Nasrin Razmi , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

In this paper we design and evaluate a Deep-Reinforcement Learning agent that optimizes routing. Our agent adapts automatically to current traffic conditions and proposes tailored configurations that attempt to minimize the network delay.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-22 Giorgio Stampa , Marta Arias , David Sanchez-Charles , Victor Muntes-Mulero , Albert Cabellos

Traffic routing is vital for the proper functioning of the Internet. As users and network traffic increase, researchers try to develop adaptive and intelligent routing algorithms that can fulfill various QoS requirements. Reinforcement…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Wang Wumian , Sajal Saha , Anwar Haque , Greg Sidebottom

Vehicular crowdsensing is anticipated to become a key catalyst for data-driven optimization in the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) domain. Yet, the expected growth in massive Machine-type Communication (mMTC) caused by…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Benjamin Sliwa , Christian Wietfeld

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication is a promising approach to providing Internet connectivity to users in many remote areas. As videos are likely to account for most traffic in the LEO satellite network, as in the rest of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Kyoungjun Park , Zhiyuan He , Cheng Luo , Yi Xu , Lili Qiu , Changhan Ge , Muhammad Muaz
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