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Large language model (LLM) personalization aims to align model outputs with individuals' unique preferences and opinions. While recent efforts have implemented various personalization methods, a unified theoretical framework that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Nick Beauchamp , Lu Wang

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as the de facto standard for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of foundation models, enabling the adaptation of billion-parameter networks with minimal computational and memory overhead. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bingcong Li , Yilang Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Transformer-based, pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance across diverse domains, particularly in the emerging {\em pretrain-then-finetune} paradigm. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Zhengmao Ye , Dengchun Li , Zetao Hu , Tingfeng Lan , Jian Sha , Sicong Zhang , Lei Duan , Jie Zuo , Hui Lu , Yuanchun Zhou , Mingjie Tang

Efficiently updating Large Language Models (LLMs) with new or evolving factual knowledge remains a central challenge, as even parameter-efficient adaptation can erode previously acquired reasoning abilities. This tension reflects a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mustafa Hayri Bilgin , Mariam Barry , Albert Bifet , Azzedine Idir Ait Said , Soumya Banerjee

The second-order training methods can converge much faster than first-order optimizers in DNN training. This is because the second-order training utilizes the inversion of the second-order information (SOI) matrix to find a more accurate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Yilong Zhao , Li Jiang , Mingyu Gao , Naifeng Jing , Chengyang Gu , Qidong Tang , Fangxin Liu , Tao Yang , Xiaoyao Liang

Continual semantic segmentation requires models to adapt to new domains or modalities without sacrificing performance on previously learned tasks. Expert-based learning, in which task-specific modules specialize in different domains, has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shishir Muralidhara , Didier Stricker , René Schuster

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently on edge devices is often constrained by limited memory capacity and high power consumption. Low-bit quantization methods, particularly ternary quantization, have demonstrated significant…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Chenyang Yin , Zhenyu Bai , Pranav Venkatram , Shivam Aggarwal , Zhaoying Li , Tulika Mitra

Dense process rewards have proven a more effective alternative to the sparse outcome-level rewards in the inference-time scaling of large language models (LLMs), particularly in tasks requiring complex multi-step reasoning. While dense…

We present VitaLLM, a mixed precision accelerator that enables ternary weight large language models to run efficiently on edge devices. The design combines two compute cores, a multiplier free TINT core for ternary-INT projections and a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zi-Wei Lin , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising solution for accelerating memory-intensive workloads as they provide high memory bandwidth to the processing units. This approach has drawn attention not only from the academic community…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Dongjae Lee , Bongjoon Hyun , Taehun Kim , Minsoo Rhu

In recent years, machine learning has been extensively applied to data prediction during process ramp-up, with a particular focus on transistor characteristics for circuit design and manufacture. However, capturing the nonlinear current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhenxing Dou , Yijiao Wang , Tao Zou , Zhiwei Chen , Fei Liu , Peng Wang , Weisheng Zhao

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is the leading parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for Large Language Models (LLMs), but it still suffers from catastrophic forgetting. Recent work has shown that specialized LoRA initialization can alleviate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Pengwei Tang , Xiaolin Hu , Yong Liu , Lizhong Ding , Dongjie Zhang , Xing Wu , Debing Zhang

Accelerator memory and networking constraints have emerged as dominant bottlenecks when training large language models LLMs with billions of parameters. Existing low rank gradient estimators such as GaLoRE and FLORA compress gradients and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Matan Haroush , Daniel Soudry

Data movement between memory and processors is a major bottleneck in modern computing systems. The processing-in-memory (PIM) paradigm aims to alleviate this bottleneck by performing computation inside memory chips. Real PIM hardware (e.g.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jinfan Chen , Juan Gómez-Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Yuxin Guo , Onur Mutlu

Parameter-efficient continual learning has emerged as a promising approach for large language models (LLMs) to mitigate catastrophic forgetting while enabling adaptation to new tasks. Current Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Fuli Qiao , Mehrdad Mahdavi

Processing in-memory (PIM) is promising to accelerate neural networks (NNs) because it minimizes data movement and provides large computational parallelism. Similar to machine learning accelerators, application mapping, which determines the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xuan Wang , Minxuan Zhou , Tajana Rosing

Sparse tensors are the most used representation of sparse multidimensional data. Operations that decompose them, selecting their most important features while reducing their dimension, have become prevalent procedures in machine learning.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Daniel Pacheco , Leonel Sousa , Aleksandar Ilic

DNA sequence classification is a fundamental task in computational biology with vast implications for applications such as disease prevention and drug design. Therefore, fast high-quality sequence classifiers are significantly important.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Marcel Khalifa , Barak Hoffer , Orian Leitersdorf , Robert Hanhan , Ben Perach , Leonid Yavits , Shahar Kvatinsky

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers a parameter-efficient paradigm for tuning large models. While recent spectral initialization methods improve convergence and performance over the naive "Noise & Zeros" scheme, their extra computational and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zicheng Zhang , Haoran Li , Yifeng Zhang , Guoqiang Gong , Jiaxing Wang , Junxing Hu , Pengzhang Liu , Qixia Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled groundbreaking advancements across several domains and are commonly used for text generation applications. However, the computational demands of these complex models pose significant challenges,…