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Learning analytics can guide human tutors to efficiently address motivational barriers to learning that AI systems struggle to support. Students become more engaged when they receive human attention. However, what occurs during short…
Intelligent Tutoring Systems often grant learners shared control over skill and problem selection. This choice brings motivational and metacognitive benefits. At the same time, past literature suggests that learners exhibit diverse…
Research on intelligent tutoring systems has been exploring data-driven methods to deliver effective adaptive assistance. While much work has been done to provide adaptive assistance when students seek help, they may not seek help…
Intelligent tutors have proven to be effective in K-12 education, though their impact on adult learners -- especially as a supplementary resource -- remains underexplored. Understanding how adults voluntarily engage with educational…
While predictive models are increasingly common in higher education, causal evidence regarding the interventions they trigger remains rare. This study evaluates an AI-guided student support system at a large university using doubly robust…
AI's integration into education promises to equip teachers with data-driven insights and intervene in student learning. Despite the intended advancements, there is a lack of understanding of interactions and emerging dynamics in classrooms…
This study explores the effectiveness of AI tools in enhancing student learning, specifically in improving study habits, time management, and feedback mechanisms. The research focuses on how AI tools can support personalized learning,…
Tutoring systems improve learning through tailored interventions, such as worked examples, but often suffer from the aptitude-treatment interaction effect where low prior knowledge learners benefit more. We applied the ICAP learning theory…
The purpose of this paper is to determine potential identifiers of students' academic success in foundation mathematics course from the data logs of an intelligent tutor. A cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 58 records was…
This paper introduces a scalable causal inference framework for estimating the immediate, session-level effects of on-demand human tutoring embedded within adaptive learning systems. Because students seek assistance at moments of…
Learning analytics research increasingly studies classroom learning with AI-based systems through rich contextual data from outside these systems, especially student-teacher interactions. One key challenge in leveraging such data is…
The growing adoption of interactive learning tools in higher education offers new opportunities to enhance student performance and well-being. This study compares the effects of traditional and interactive learning methods on academic…
Multi-agent AI systems, which simulate diverse instructional roles such as teachers and peers, offer new possibilities for personalized and interactive learning. Yet, student-AI interaction patterns and their pedagogical implications remain…
To expand the use of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in K-12 schools, it is essential to understand the conditions under which their use is most beneficial. This meta-analysis evaluated the heterogeneity of ITS effects across studies…
In the context of higher education's evolving dynamics post-COVID-19, this paper assesses the impact of new pedagogical incentives implemented in a first-year undergraduate computing module at University College London. We employ a mixed…
One-on-one help from a teacher is highly impactful for students, yet extremely challenging to support in massive online courses (MOOCs). In this work, we present TeachNow: a novel system that lets volunteer teachers from anywhere in the…
Feedback is essential for learning, but its effectiveness relies heavily on how well it engages students in the educational process. Generative AI offers novel opportunities to efficiently produce rich, formative feedback, ranging from…
AI-powered coding assistants can support students in programming courses by providing on-demand explanations and debugging help. However, existing research often focuses on individual tools, leaving a gap in evidence-based design…
As generative AI (GenAI) tools are increasingly used as informal tutors for mathematics learning, future systems may become more proactive and process-aware in deciding when and how to offer support. Yet such support raises an important…
As educational settings increasingly integrate artificial intelligence (AI), understanding how AI tools identify -- and adapt their responses to -- varied educational contexts becomes paramount. This study examines conversational AI's…