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We introduce new rounding methods to improve the accuracy of finite precision quantum arithmetic. These quantum rounding methods are applicable when multiple samples are being taken from a quantum program. We show how to use multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-18 Rajiv Krishnakumar , William Zeng

As quantum circuits become more integrated and complex, additional error sources that were previously insignificant start to emerge. Consequently, the fidelity of quantum gates benchmarked under pristine conditions falls short of predicting…

Quantum computing is transitioning from experimental prototypes to commercially available turnkey systems, making architecture-agnostic performance metrics essential for cross-platform comparison. Peaked Random Circuits (PRCs) have recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Martin Brieger , Florian Krötz , Minh Chung , Dieter Kranzlmüller

Quasiprobabilistic cutting techniques allow us to partition large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits by replacing non-local gates with probabilistic mixtures of local gates. The cost of this method is a sampling overhead that scales…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-19 Lukas Schmitt , Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter

Fidelity estimation is a critical yet resource-intensive step in testing quantum programs on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, where the required number of measurements is difficult to predefine due to hardware noise, device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Tingting Li , Ziming Zhao , Jianwei Yin

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While most conventional QEM schemes assume discrete gate-based circuits with noise appearing either before or after each gate, the assumptions are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Takahiro Tsunoda , Vlatko Vedral , Simon C. Bejamin , Suguru Endo

We present a simple, malleable and low-overhead approach for improving generic biased quantum error mitigation (QEM) methods, achieving up to 15% fidelity improvements over standard QEM on 100-qubit circuits with up to 2000 entangling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Joseph Harris , Kevin Lively , Peter Schuhmacher

This paper explores two circuit approaches for quantum walks: the first consists of generalised controlled inversions, whereas the second one effectively replaces them with rotation operations around the basis states. We show the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Konstantinos Georgopoulos , Clive Emary , Paolo Zuliani

Noisy and Intermediate-Scale Quantum, or NISQ, processors are sensitive to noise, prone to quantum decoherence, and are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Hence, quantum algorithms…

Quantum computing offers unparalleled computational capabilities but faces significant challenges, including limited qubit counts, diverse hardware topologies, and dynamic noise/error rates, which hinder scalability and reliability.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Zefan Du , Yanni Li , Zijian Mo , Wenqi Wei , Juntao Chen , Rajkumar Buyya , Ying Mao

We propose and validate on real quantum computing hardware a new method for extended two-qubit gate set design, replacing iterative, fine calibration with fast characterization of a small number of gate parameters which are then tracked and…

Routing plays an important role in programming noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, where limited connectivity in the register is overcome by swapping quantum information between locations. However, routing a quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-14 Ronald J. Sadlier , Travis S. Humble

Two schemes are presented that mitigate the effect of errors and decoherence in short depth quantum circuits. The size of the circuits for which these techniques can be applied is limited by the rate at which the errors in the computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Kristan Temme , Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta

Due to several physical limitations in the realisation of quantum hardware, today's quantum computers are qualified as Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware. NISQ hardware is characterized by a small number of qubits (50 to a few…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Siyuan Niu , Adrien Suau , Gabriel Staffelbach , Aida Todri-Sanial

There is increasing interest in the development of gate-based quantum circuits for the training of machine learning models. Yet, little is understood concerning the parameters of circuit design, and the effects of noise and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Patrick Selig , Niall Murphy , Ashwin Sundareswaran R , David Redmond , Simon Caton

Crosstalk and several sources of operational interference are invisible when qubit or a gate is calibrated or benchmarked in isolation. These are unlocked during the execution of full quantum circuit applying entangling gates to several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-02 Muhammad Ahsan

For typical quantum subroutines in the gate-based model of quantum computing, explicit decompositions of circuits in terms of single-qubit and two-qubit entangling gates may exist. However, they often lead to large-depth circuits that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Dhruv Srinivasan , Kushal Chakrabarti , Nikhil Chopra , Avik Dutt

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) algorithms require novel paradigms of error mitigation. To obtain noise-robust quantum computers, each logical qubit is equipped with hundreds or thousands of physical qubits. However, it is not…

Quantum computers must meet extremely stringent qualitative and quantitative requirements on their qubits in order to solve real-life problems. Quantum circuit fragmentation techniques divide a large quantum circuit into a number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Saikat Basu , Arnav Das , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Compiling arbitrary-connectivity NISQ circuits onto monolithic single-zone neutral-atom devices is constrained by a finite interaction range and a minimum separation between simultaneously addressable sites. Under the minimum-separation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Takahiko Satoh , Takaharu Yoshida
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