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While Large Language Models (LLMs) can solve many NLP tasks in zero-shot settings, applications involving embodied agents remain problematic. In particular, complex plans that require multi-step reasoning become difficult and too costly as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Gautier Dagan , Frank Keller , Alex Lascarides

Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained much attention in building autonomous agents. However, the performance of current LLM-based web agents in long-horizon tasks is far from optimal, often yielding errors such as repeatedly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hyungjoo Chae , Namyoung Kim , Kai Tzu-iunn Ong , Minju Gwak , Gwanwoo Song , Jihoon Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo

Can world knowledge learned by large language models (LLMs) be used to act in interactive environments? In this paper, we investigate the possibility of grounding high-level tasks, expressed in natural language (e.g. "make breakfast"), to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Wenlong Huang , Pieter Abbeel , Deepak Pathak , Igor Mordatch

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise but remain challenging to continually improve through traditional finetuning, particularly when integrating capabilities from other specialized LLMs. Popular methods like ensemble…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhenglun Kong , Zheng Zhan , Shiyue Hou , Yifan Gong , Xin Meng , Pengwei Sui , Peiyan Dong , Xuan Shen , Zifeng Wang , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Stratis Ioannidis , Yanzhi Wang

This paper introduces the concept of Language-Guided World Models (LWMs) -- probabilistic models that can simulate environments by reading texts. Agents equipped with these models provide humans with more extensive and efficient control,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Alex Zhang , Khanh Nguyen , Jens Tuyls , Albert Lin , Karthik Narasimhan

Simulations, although powerful in accurately replicating real-world systems, often remain inaccessible to non-technical users due to their complexity. Conversely, large language models (LLMs) provide intuitive, language-based interactions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jacob Kleiman , Kevin Frank , Joseph Voyles , Sindy Campagna

Can emergent language models faithfully model the intelligence of decision-making agents? Though modern language models exhibit already some reasoning ability, and theoretically can potentially express any probable distribution over tokens,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Wenhao Lu , Xufeng Zhao , Josua Spisak , Jae Hee Lee , Stefan Wermter

Programming robot behavior in a complex world faces challenges on multiple levels, from dextrous low-level skills to high-level planning and reasoning. Recent pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning ability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Xufeng Zhao , Mengdi Li , Cornelius Weber , Muhammad Burhan Hafez , Stefan Wermter

Large Language Models (LLMs) can serve as world models to enhance agent decision-making in digital environments by simulating future states and predicting action outcomes, potentially eliminating costly trial-and-error exploration. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kai Mei , Jiang Guo , Shuaichen Chang , Mingwen Dong , Dongkyu Lee , Xing Niu , Jiarong Jiang

In embodied AI, a persistent challenge is enabling agents to robustly adapt to novel domains without requiring extensive data collection or retraining. To address this, we present a world model implanting framework (WorMI) that combines the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Minjong Yoo , Jinwoo Jang , Sihyung Yoon , Honguk Woo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved considerable performance across various agentic planning tasks. However, traditional agent planning approaches adopt a "flood irrigation" methodology that indiscriminately injects gold…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shuofei Qiao , Zhisong Qiu , Baochang Ren , Xiaobin Wang , Xiangyuan Ru , Ningyu Zhang , Xiang Chen , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) show promise for embodied planning tasks but struggle with complex scenarios involving unfamiliar environments and multi-step goals. Current approaches rely on environment-agnostic imitation learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Junhao Shi , Zhaoye Fei , Siyin Wang , Qipeng Guo , Jingjing Gong , Xipeng Qiu

LLMs' sources of knowledge are data snapshots containing factual information about entities collected at different timestamps and from different media types (e.g. wikis, social media, etc.). Such unstructured knowledge is subject to change…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Seyed Mahed Mousavi , Simone Alghisi , Giuseppe Riccardi

Despite demonstrating impressive capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) still often struggle to accurately express the factual knowledge they possess, especially in cases where the LLMs' knowledge boundaries are ambiguous. To improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Boyang Xue , Fei Mi , Qi Zhu , Hongru Wang , Rui Wang , Sheng Wang , Erxin Yu , Xuming Hu , Kam-Fai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained using massive text datasets have recently shown promise in generating action plans for robotic agents from high level text queries. However, these models typically do not consider the robot's…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Maitrey Gramopadhye , Daniel Szafir

Autonomous driving systems depend on on models that can reason about high-level scene contexts and accurately predict the dynamics of their surrounding environment. Vision- Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as promising tools for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Stefan Englmeier , Katharina Winter , Fabian B. Flohr

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive zero-shot and few-shot generalization capabilities across complex natural language tasks, enabling their widespread use as virtual assistants for diverse applications such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Arjun Vaithilingam Sudhakar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have developed rapidly and are widely applied to both general-purpose and professional tasks to assist human users. However, they still struggle to comprehend and respond to the true user needs when intentions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Minyuan Ruan , Ziyue Wang , Kaiming Liu , Yunghwei Lai , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLM) based agents have shown promise in autonomously completing tasks across various domains, e.g., robotics, games, and web navigation. However, these agents typically require elaborate design and expert prompts to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Minghao Chen , Yihang Li , Yanting Yang , Shiyu Yu , Binbin Lin , Xiaofei He

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex decision-making and tool-use tasks, yet their ability to generalize across varying environments remains a under-examined concern. Current evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Siyuan Liu , Hongbang Yuan , Xinze Li , Ziyue Zhu , Yixin Cao , Yu-Gang Jiang