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This paper surveys recent work by the author on the theoretical and algorithmic aspects of restless bandit indexation as well as on its application to a variety of problems involving the dynamic allocation of priority to multiple stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-14 José Niño-Mora

The problem of rested and restless multi-armed bandits with constrained availability of arms is considered. The states of arms evolve in Markovian manner and the exact states are hidden from the decision maker. First, some structural…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-20 Varun Mehta , Rahul Meshram , Kesav Kaza , S. N. Merchant

This paper addresses an important class of restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problems that finds broad application in operations research, stochastic optimization, and reinforcement learning. There are $N$ independent Markov processes that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Keqin Liu

We consider a class of restless multi-armed bandit problems (RMBP) that arises in dynamic multichannel access, user/server scheduling, and optimal activation in multi-agent systems. For this class of RMBP, we establish the indexability and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-11-13 Keqin Liu , Qing Zhao

We consider finite state restless multi-armed bandit problem. The decision maker can act on M bandits out of N bandits in each time step. The play of arm (active arm) yields state dependent rewards based on action and when the arm is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Vishesh Mittal , Rahul Meshram , Deepak Dev , Surya Prakash

The Whittle index for restless bandits (two-action semi-Markov decision processes) provides an intuitively appealing optimal policy for controlling a single generic project that can be active (engaged) or passive (rested) at each decision…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-22 José Niño-Mora

In restless bandits, a central agent is tasked with optimally distributing limited resources across several bandits (arms), with each arm being a Markov decision process. In this work, we generalize the traditional restless bandits problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Nima Akbarzadeh , Yossiri Adulyasak , Erick Delage

We study the asymptotic optimal control of multi-class restless bandits. A restless bandit is a controllable stochastic process whose state evolution depends on whether or not the bandit is made active. Since finding the optimal control is…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-05 I. M. Verloop

The multi-armed restless bandit framework allows to model a wide variety of decision-making problems in areas as diverse as industrial engineering, computer communication, operations research, financial engineering, communication networks…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-27 Urtzi Ayesta , Manu K. Gupta , Ina Maria Verloop

The Whittle index, which characterizes optimal policies for controlling certain single restless bandit projects (a Markov decision process with two actions: active and passive) is the basis for a widely used heuristic index policy for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-05 José Niño-Mora

The Whittle index, which characterizes optimal policies for controlling certain single restless bandit projects (a Markov decision process with two actions: active and passive) is the basis for a widely used heuristic index policy for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-06 José Niño-Mora

This paper studies restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problems with unknown arm transition dynamics but with known correlated arm features. The goal is to learn a model to predict transition dynamics given features, where the Whittle index…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Kai Wang , Shresth Verma , Aditya Mate , Sanket Shah , Aparna Taneja , Neha Madhiwalla , Aparna Hegde , Milind Tambe

We present a two-armed bandit model of decision making under uncertainty where the expected return to investing in the "risky arm" increases when choosing that arm and decreases when choosing the "safe" arm. These dynamics are natural in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-22 Roland Fryer , Philipp Harms

Motivated by applications such as machine repair, project monitoring, and anti-poaching patrol scheduling, we study intervention planning of stochastic processes under resource constraints. This planning problem has previously been modeled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Arpita Biswas , Jackson A. Killian , Paula Rodriguez Diaz , Susobhan Ghosh , Milind Tambe

The early sections of this paper present an analysis of a Markov decision model that is known as the multi-armed bandit under the assumption that the utility function of the decision maker is either linear or exponential. The analysis…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-03-22 Eric V. Denardo , Eugene A. Feinberg , Uriel G. Rothblum

We study a problem of information gathering in a social network with dynamically available sources and time varying quality of information. We formulate this problem as a restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB). In this problem, information…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Varun Mehta , Rahul Meshram , Kesav Kaza , S. N. Merchant

Restless Multi-Armed Bandits (RMABs) are powerful models for decision-making under uncertainty, yet classical formulations typically assume fixed dynamics, an assumption often violated in nonstationary environments. We introduce MARBLE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Mohsen Amiri , Konstantin Avrachenkov , Ibtihal El Mimouni , Sindri Magnússon

We study a resource allocation problem with varying requests, and with resources of limited capacity shared by multiple requests. It is modeled as a set of heterogeneous Restless Multi-Armed Bandit Problems (RMABPs) connected by constraints…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-30 Jing Fu , Bill Moran , Peter G. Taylor

We study the problem of planning restless multi-armed bandits (RMABs) with multiple actions. This is a popular model for multi-agent systems with applications like multi-channel communication, monitoring and machine maintenance tasks, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Abheek Ghosh , Dheeraj Nagaraj , Manish Jain , Milind Tambe

We consider the restless bandits with general state space under partial observability with two observational models: first, the state of each bandit is not observable at all, and second, the state of each bandit is observable only if it is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-25 Nima Akbarzadeh , Aditya Mahajan
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