Related papers: Think3D: Thinking with Space for Spatial Reasoning

Visual Language Models (VLMs) have increasingly become the main paradigm for understanding indoor scenes, but they still struggle with metric and spatial reasoning. Current approaches rely on end-to-end video understanding or large-scale…

Recent advances in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) target 3D spatial intelligence, yet the progress has been largely driven by post-training on curated benchmarks, leaving the inference-time approach relatively underexplored. In…

Zero-shot object navigation requires agents to locate unseen target objects in unfamiliar environments without prior maps or task-specific training which remains a significant challenge. Although recent advancements in vision-language…

Building on the success of text-based reasoning models like DeepSeek-R1, extending these capabilities to multimodal reasoning holds great promise. While recent works have attempted to adapt DeepSeek-R1-style reinforcement learning (RL)…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly being applied to spatial cognition tasks, where they are expected to understand and interact with complex environments. Most existing works improve spatial reasoning by introducing…

3D Visual Grounding (3DVG) aims to localize target objects within a 3D scene based on natural language queries. To alleviate the reliance on costly 3D training data, recent studies have explored zero-shot 3DVG by leveraging the extensive…

360 panoramic images are increasingly used in virtual reality, autonomous driving, and robotics for holistic scene understanding. However, current Vision-Language Models (VLMs) struggle with 3D spatial reasoning on Equirectangular…

Despite impressive advancements in Visual-Language Models (VLMs) for multi-modal tasks, their reliance on RGB inputs limits precise spatial understanding. Existing methods for integrating spatial cues, such as point clouds or depth, either…

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an agent to dynamically explore complex 3D environments following human instructions. Recent research underscores the potential of harnessing large language models (LLMs) for VLN, given their…

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have shown incredible capabilities in a variety of 2D vision and language tasks. We extend MLLMs' perceptual capabilities to ground and reason about images in 3-dimensional space. To that end, we…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable reliability and advanced capabilities through extended test-time reasoning. However, extending these capabilities to Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains a significant…

Humans are born with vision-based 4D spatial-temporal intelligence, which enables us to perceive and reason about the evolution of 3D space over time from purely visual inputs. Despite its importance, this capability remains a significant…

Spatial reasoning is a core aspect of human intelligence that allows perception, inference and planning in 3D environments. However, current vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to maintain geometric coherence and cross-view consistency…

3D scene understanding spans reasoning about free space, object grounding, hypothetical object insertions, complex geometric relationships, and integrating all of these with external tools and data sources. Existing 3D understanding methods…

Language-guided embodied navigation requires an agent to interpret object-referential instructions, search across multiple rooms, localize the referenced target, and execute reliable motion toward it. Existing systems remain limited in real…

Spatial reasoning in large-scale 3D environments remains challenging for current vision-language models, which are typically constrained to room-scale scenarios. We introduce H$^2$U3D (Holistic House Understanding in 3D), a 3D visual…

Increasing attention has been placed on improving the reasoning capacities of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). As the cornerstone for AI agents that function in the physical realm, video-based visual-spatial intelligence (VSI)…

This work enhances the ability of large language models (LLMs) to perform complex reasoning in 3D scenes. Recent work has addressed the 3D situated reasoning task by invoking tool usage through large language models. Large language models…

Spatial intelligence is crucial for vision--language models (VLMs) in the physical world, yet many benchmarks evaluate largely unconstrained scenes where models can exploit 2D shortcuts. We introduce SSI-Bench, a VQA benchmark for spatial…

This paper introduces Scene-LLM, a 3D-visual-language model that enhances embodied agents' abilities in interactive 3D indoor environments by integrating the reasoning strengths of Large Language Models (LLMs). Scene-LLM adopts a hybrid 3D…