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In recent years, the increasing propagation of hate speech on social media and the urgent need for effective counter-measures have drawn significant investment from governments, companies, and researchers. A large number of methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Ziqi Zhang , Lei Luo

The widespread use of social media necessitates reliable and efficient detection of offensive content to mitigate harmful effects. Although sophisticated models perform well on individual datasets, they often fail to generalize due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Huy Nghiem , Hal Daumé

The neural attention mechanism plays an important role in many natural language processing applications. In particular, the use of multi-head attention extends single-head attention by allowing a model to jointly attend information from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Bang An , Jie Lyu , Zhenyi Wang , Chunyuan Li , Changwei Hu , Fei Tan , Ruiyi Zhang , Yifan Hu , Changyou Chen

Recurrent neural networks with differentiable attention mechanisms have had success in generative and classification tasks. We show that the classification performance of such models can be enhanced by guiding a randomly initialized model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-18 Jack Lindsey

In this paper we investigate the explainability of transformer models and their plausibility for hate speech and counter speech detection. We compare representatives of four different explainability approaches, i.e., gradient-based,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Adrian Jaques Böck , Djordje Slijepčević , Matthias Zeppelzauer

Cyberbullying is of extreme prevalence today. Online-hate comments, toxicity, cyberbullying amongst children and other vulnerable groups are only growing over online classes, and increased access to social platforms, especially post…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Bhumika Bhatia , Anuj Verma , Anjum , Rahul Katarya

This study introduces bifurcated attention, a method designed to enhance language model inference in shared-context batch decoding scenarios. Our approach addresses the challenge of redundant memory IO costs, a critical factor contributing…

Pre-trained language models (PLM) have demonstrated their effectiveness for a broad range of information retrieval and natural language processing tasks. As the core part of PLM, multi-head self-attention is appealing for its ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Shanshan Wang , Zhumin Chen , Zhaochun Ren , Huasheng Liang , Qiang Yan , Pengjie Ren

Multimodal hateful content detection is a challenging task that requires complex reasoning across visual and textual modalities. Therefore, creating a meaningful multimodal representation that effectively captures the interplay between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Eftekhar Hossain , Omar Sharif , Mohammed Moshiul Hoque , Sarah M. Preum

Online hate speech is an important issue that breaks the cohesiveness of online social communities and even raises public safety concerns in our societies. Motivated by this rising issue, researchers have developed many traditional machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Tuan-Anh Hoang

Inductive knowledge graph completion requires models to comprehend the underlying semantics and logic patterns of relations. With the advance of pretrained language models, recent research have designed transformers for link prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Bohua Peng , Shihao Liang , Mobarakol Islam

The proliferation of online hate speech poses a significant threat to the harmony of the web. While explicit hate is easily recognized through overt slurs, implicit hate speech is often conveyed through sarcasm, irony, stereotypes, or coded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Chengshuai Zhao , Shu Wan , Paras Sheth , Karan Patwa , K. Selçuk Candan , Huan Liu

Discriminatory language and biases are often present in hate speech during conversations, which usually lead to negative impacts on targeted groups such as those based on race, gender, and religion. To tackle this issue, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Shaina Raza , Chen Ding , Deval Pandya

Decoder-only large language models typically rely solely on masked causal attention, which limits their expressiveness by restricting information flow to one direction. We propose Bitune, a method that enhances pretrained decoder-only LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Dawid J. Kopiczko , Tijmen Blankevoort , Yuki M. Asano

Implicit hate speech has recently emerged as a critical challenge for social media platforms. While much of the research has traditionally focused on harmful speech in general, the need for generalizable techniques to detect veiled and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Saad Almohaimeed , Saleh Almohaimeed , Damla Turgut , Ladislau Bölöni

Post-hoc explanations of machine learning models are crucial for people to understand and act on algorithmic predictions. An intriguing class of explanations is through counterfactuals, hypothetical examples that show people how to obtain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Ramaravind Kommiya Mothilal , Amit Sharma , Chenhao Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a pivotal research area, yet the attention module remains a critical bottleneck in LLM inference, even with techniques like KVCache to mitigate redundant computations. While various top-$k$…

This paper proposes a novelty approach to mitigate the negative transfer problem. In the field of machine learning, the common strategy is to apply the Single-Task Learning approach in order to train a supervised model to solve a specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Angel Felipe Magnossão de Paula , Paolo Rosso , Damiano Spina

Detecting hate speech in non-direct forms, such as irony, sarcasm, and innuendos, remains a persistent challenge for social networks. Although sarcasm and hate speech are regarded as distinct expressions, our work explores whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Angelly Cabrera , Linus Lei , Antonio Ortega

Propaganda detection on social media remains challenging due to task complexity and limited high-quality labeled data. This paper introduces a novel framework that combines human expertise with Large Language Model (LLM) assistance to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Ariana Sahitaj , Premtim Sahitaj , Veronika Solopova , Jiaao Li , Sebastian Möller , Vera Schmitt