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The complexity and heterogeneity of data in many real-world applications pose significant challenges for traditional machine learning and signal processing techniques. For instance, in medicine, effective analysis of diverse physiological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Nimeesha Chan , Felix Parker , William Bennett , Tianyi Wu , Mung Yao Jia , James Fackler , Kimia Ghobadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently made significant advances in code generation through the 'Chain-of-Thought' prompting technique. This technique empowers the model to autonomously devise "solution plans" to tackle intricate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhihong Sun , Chen Lyu , Bolun Li , Yao Wan , Hongyu Zhang , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

The pre-training paradigm plays a key role in the success of Large Language Models (LLMs), which have been recognized as one of the most significant advancements of AI recently. Building on these breakthroughs, code LLMs with advanced…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuheng Huang , Lei Ma , Keizaburo Nishikino , Takumi Akazaki

The conventional modus operandi for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) during test-time involves tuning learnable prompts, ie, test-time prompt tuning. This paper introduces Test-Time Low-rank adaptation (TTL) as an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Raza Imam , Hanan Gani , Muhammad Huzaifa , Karthik Nandakumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yingbing Huang , Lily Jiaxin Wan , Hanchen Ye , Manvi Jha , Jinghua Wang , Yuhong Li , Xiaofan Zhang , Deming Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated success in enhancing LLM reasoning capabilities, but remains limited to single-turn interactions without tool integration. While recent Agentic Reinforcement Learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Dongfu Jiang , Yi Lu , Zhuofeng Li , Zhiheng Lyu , Ping Nie , Haozhe Wang , Alex Su , Hui Chen , Kai Zou , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Wenhu Chen

Despite the great advance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in both instruction dataset building and benchmarking, the independence of training and evaluation makes current MLLMs hard to further improve their capability under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Zhiyuan Zhao , Linke Ouyang , Bin Wang , Siyuan Huang , Pan Zhang , Xiaoyi Dong , Jiaqi Wang , Conghui He

Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code generation, but they face two main challenges: functional correctness and Power, Performance, and Area (PPA) optimization. Iterative, feedback-based methods…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Kyungjun Min , Kyumin Cho , Junhwan Jang , Seokhyeong Kang

Previous work on augmenting large multimodal models (LMMs) for text-to-image (T2I) generation has focused on enriching the input space of in-context learning (ICL). This includes providing a few demonstrations and optimizing image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yongyu Mu , Hengyu Li , Junxin Wang , Xiaoxuan Zhou , Chenglong Wang , Yingfeng Luo , Qiaozhi He , Tong Xiao , Guocheng Chen , Jingbo Zhu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have resulted in increasingly anthropomorphic language concerning the ability of LLMs to reason. Whether reasoning in LLMs should be understood to be inherently different is, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Bertram Højer , Oliver Jarvis , Stefan Heinrich

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are distinguished by their multimodal comprehensive ability and widely used in many real-world applications including GPT-4o, autonomous driving and robotics. Despite their impressive performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Zhenyu Ning , Jieru Zhao , Qihao Jin , Wenchao Ding , Minyi Guo

Many medical datasets have recently been created for medical image segmentation tasks, and it is natural to question whether we can use them to sequentially train a single model that (1) performs better on all these datasets, and (2)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Chenyu You , Jinlin Xiang , Kun Su , Xiaoran Zhang , Siyuan Dong , John Onofrey , Lawrence Staib , James S. Duncan

The rapid integration of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into critical applications is increasingly hindered by persistent safety vulnerabilities. However, existing red-teaming benchmarks are often fragmented, limited to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xin Wang , Yunhao Chen , Juncheng Li , Yixu Wang , Yang Yao , Tianle Gu , Jie Li , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang , Xia Hu

Understanding time series is crucial for its application in real-world scenarios. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly applied to time series tasks, leveraging their strong language capabilities to enhance various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zhe Xie , Zeyan Li , Xiao He , Longlong Xu , Xidao Wen , Tieying Zhang , Jianjun Chen , Rui Shi , Dan Pei

Learning effective netlist representations is fundamentally constrained by the scarcity of labeled datasets, as real designs are protected by Intellectual Property (IP) and costly to annotate. Existing work therefore focuses on small-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Siyang Cai , Cangyuan Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

Automation of Register Transfer Level (RTL) design can help developers meet increasing computational demands. Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for Hardware Description Language (HDL) generation, but face challenges due to limited…

Outcome-reward reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective at improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, standard RL assigns credit only at the level of the final answer, penalizing entire reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Matthew Y. R. Yang , Hao Bai , Ian Wu , Gene Yang , Amrith Setlur , Aviral Kumar

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating software code for high-level programming languages such as Python and C++. However, their application to hardware description languages, such as Verilog,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Tan , Xiangchen Meng , Zijun Jiang , Yangdi Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in chatbots, code generators, and search engines. Workload such as chain-of-throught, complex reasoning, agent services significantly increase the inference cost by invoke the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sihyeong Park , Sungryeol Jeon , Chaelyn Lee , Seokhun Jeon , Byung-Soo Kim , Jemin Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in assisting with Register Transfer Level (RTL) design tasks. Nevertheless, there remains to be a significant gap in benchmarks that accurately reflect the complexity of real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ahmed Allam , Mohamed Shalan