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Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the accepted standard for treatment effect estimation but they can be infeasible due to ethical reasons and prohibitive costs. Single-arm trials, where all patients belong to the treatment group, can…
The parallel cluster randomized trial with baseline (PB-CRT) is a common variant of the standard parallel cluster randomized trial (P-CRT). We define two natural estimands in the context of PB-CRTs with informative cluster sizes, the…
The restricted mean survival time (RMST) model has been garnering attention as a way to provide a clinically intuitive measure: the mean survival time. RMST models, which use methods based on pseudo time-to-event values and inverse…
The restricted mean survival time (RMST) is the mean survival time in the study population followed up to a specific time point, and is simply the area under the survival curve up to the specific time point. The difference between two RMSTs…
In cluster-randomized trials, generalized linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations have conventionally been the default analytic methods for estimating the average treatment effect as routine practice. However, recent…
Sequential nested trial (SNT) emulation is a powerful approach for maximizing precision and avoiding time-related biases. However, there exists little discussion about the implied causal estimands in comparison to a real-world single point…
We propose a clustered local projection (clustered LP) method to estimate impulse response functions in a class of time-varying models where parameter variation is linked to a low-dimensional matrix of observables. We show that the…
Randomized experiments ensure robust causal inference that are critical to effective learning analytics research and practice. However, traditional randomized experiments, like A/B tests, are limiting in large scale digital learning…
When observations are independent, formulae and software are readily available to plan and design studies of appropriate size and power to detect important associations. When observations are correlated or clustered, results obtained from…
A standard approach for assessing the performance of partition models is to create synthetic data sets with a prespecified clustering structure, and assess how well the model reveals this structure. A common format is that subjects are…
This paper considers identification and estimation of causal effect parameters from participating in a binary treatment in a difference in differences (DID) setup when the parallel trends assumption holds after conditioning on observed…
We often seek to estimate the impact of an exposure naturally occurring or randomly assigned at the cluster-level. For example, the literature on neighborhood determinants of health continues to grow. Likewise, community randomized trials…
Non-adherence to assigned treatment is a common issue in cluster randomised trials (CRTs). In these settings, the efficacy estimand may be also of interest. Many methodological contributions in recent years have advocated using instrumental…
In studies based on electronic health records (EHR), the frequency of covariate monitoring can vary by covariate type, across patients, and over time. This can lead to major challenges: first, the difference in monitoring protocols may…
Mendelian randomization is an instrumental variable method that utilizes genetic information to investigate the causal effect of a modifiable exposure on an outcome. In most cases, the exposure changes over time. Understanding the…
In large observational studies, the case-cohort design is commonly used to reduce the cost associated with covariate measurement. For survival outcomes, literature has suggested that the restricted mean survival time (RMST) be a more…
The randomization inference literature studying randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assumes that units' potential outcomes are deterministic. This assumption is unlikely to hold, as stochastic shocks may take place during the experiment. In…
Stepped wedge designs (SWDs) are designs for cluster randomized trials that feature staggered, unidirectional cross-over, typically from a control to a treatment condition. Existing literature on statistical power for SWDs primarily focuses…
Attrition is a common occurrence in cluster randomised trials (CRTs) which leads to missing outcome data. Two approaches for analysing such trials are cluster-level analysis and individual-level analysis. This paper compares the performance…
While palliative care is increasingly commonly delivered to hospitalized patients with serious illnesses, few studies have estimated its causal effects. Courtright et al. (2016) adopted a cluster-randomized stepped-wedge design to assess…