Related papers: Countable basis for free electromagnetic fields
Many-body Hilbert space is a functional vector space with the natural structure of an algebra, in which vector multiplication is ordinary multiplication of wave functions. This algebra is finite-dimensional, with exactly $N!^{d-1}$…
We examine the measurable chromatic number of distance colorings on the surface of 2-dimensional spheres of varying radii, showing in particular that similar arguments to those used to raise lower bounds in the plane work for all but a…
In the vector space of symmetric functions, the elements of the basis of elementary symmetric functions are (up to a factor) the chromatic symmetric functions of disjoint unions of cliques. We consider their graph complements, the functions…
Electromagnetic fields with complex spatial variation routinely arise in Nature. We study the response of a small molecule to monochromatic fields of arbitrary three-dimensional geometry. First, we consider the allowed configurations of the…
We propose a novel scheme to normalize scattering modes of the electromagnetic field. By relying on analytical solutions for Maxwell's equations in the homogenous medium outside the scatterer, we derive normalization conditions that only…
Miniaturized optical resonators with spatial dimensions of the order of the wavelength of the trapped light offer prospects for a variety of new applications like quantum processing or construction of meta-materials. Light propagation in…
Maxwells classic equations with fields, potentials, positive and negative charges in 3+1 spacetime are derived solely from the symmetry that is required by the Geometric Algebra of a 3+3 spacetime. The observed direction of time is…
The QED vacuum polarization in external monochromatic plane-wave electromagnetic fields is calculated with spatial and temporal variations of the external fields being taken into account. We develop a perturbation theory to calculate the…
We study monochromatic, scalar solutions of the Helmholtz and paraxial wave equations from a field-theoretic point of view. We introduce appropriate time-independent Lagrangian densities for which the Euler-Lagrange equations reproduces…
A first quantized free photon is a complex massless vector field $A=(A^\mu)$ whose field strength satisfies Maxwell's equations in vacuum. We construct the Hilbert space $\mathscr{H}$ of the photon by endowing the vector space of the fields…
Employing Maxwell's equations as the field theory of the photon, quantum mechanical operators for spin, chirality, helicity, velocity, momentum, energy and position are derived. The photon ``Zitterbewegung'' along helical paths is explored.…
Goal of this review is to introduce the algebraic approach to quantum field theory on curved backgrounds. Based on a set of axioms, first written down by Haag and Kastler, this method consists of a two-step procedure. In the first one, a…
The basic notions of quantum mechanics are formulated in terms of separable infinite dimensional Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. In terms of the Hilbert lattice $\mathcal{L}$ of closed linear subspaces of $\mathcal{H}$ the notions of state and…
The average helicity of a given electromagnetic field measures the difference between the number of left- and right-handed photons contained in the field. In here, the average helicity is derived using the conformally-invariant…
It is proven that in the lossless case the electrodynamics of a generic inhomogeneous possibly bianisotropic and nonreciprocal system may be described by an augmented state-vector whose time evolution is determined by a Hermitian operator.…
We study the existence of polychromatic solutions of cubically nonlinear Maxwell equations in the whole space and with dispersive media, i.e., with a time delayed polarization. Due to the complex nature of the dielectric function, the…
We define the independence ratio and the chromatic number for bounded, self-adjoint operators on an L^2-space by extending the definitions for the adjacency matrix of finite graphs. In analogy to the Hoffman bounds for finite graphs, we…
The chromatic polynomial of a graph G counts the number of proper colorings of G. We give an affirmative answer to the conjecture of Read and Rota-Heron-Welsh that the absolute values of the coefficients of the chromatic polynomial form a…
The Hilbert basis is fundamental in describing the structure of the integer points of a polyhedral cone. The face-centered cubic grid is one of the densest packing of the 3-dimensional space. The cycles of a grid satisfy the constraint set…
We introduce and examine a collection of unusual electromagnetic disturbances. Each of these is an exact, monochromatic solution of Maxwell's equations in free space with looped electric and magnetic field lines of finite extent and a…