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Interpreting language models often involves circuit analysis, which aims to identify sparse subnetworks, or circuits, that accomplish specific tasks. Existing circuit discovery algorithms face a fundamental trade-off: attribution patching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hao Gu , Vibhas Nair , Amrithaa Ashok Kumar , Jayvart Sharma , Ryan Lagasse

We introduce methods for discovering and applying sparse feature circuits. These are causally implicated subnetworks of human-interpretable features for explaining language model behaviors. Circuits identified in prior work consist of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Samuel Marks , Can Rager , Eric J. Michaud , Yonatan Belinkov , David Bau , Aaron Mueller

Circuit analysis of any certain model behavior is a central task in mechanistic interpretability. We introduce our circuit discovery pipeline with Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) and a variant called Transcoders. With these two modules inserted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Xuyang Ge , Fukang Zhu , Wentao Shu , Junxuan Wang , Zhengfu He , Xipeng Qiu

Sparse dictionary learning has been a rapidly growing technique in mechanistic interpretability to attack superposition and extract more human-understandable features from model activations. We ask a further question based on the extracted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhengfu He , Xuyang Ge , Qiong Tang , Tianxiang Sun , Qinyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu

Mechanistic interpretability aims to understand the internal mechanisms learned by neural networks. Despite recent progress toward this goal, it remains unclear how best to decompose neural network parameters into mechanistic components. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Dan Braun , Lucius Bushnaq , Stefan Heimersheim , Jake Mendel , Lee Sharkey

This paper introduces an efficient and robust method for discovering interpretable circuits in large language models using discrete sparse autoencoders. Our approach addresses key limitations of existing techniques, namely computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Charles O'Neill , Thang Bui

Many models have been proposed for vision and language tasks, especially the image-text retrieval task. All state-of-the-art (SOTA) models in this challenge contained hundreds of millions of parameters. They also were pretrained on a large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Manh-Duy Nguyen , Binh T. Nguyen , Cathal Gurrin

Sparse neural networks are often hypothesized to be more interpretable than dense models, motivated by findings that weight sparsity can produce compact circuits in language models. However, it remains unclear whether structural sparsity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Siyu Zhang

This paper seeks to combine dictionary learning and hierarchical image representation in a principled way. To make dictionary atoms capturing additional information from extended receptive fields and attain improved descriptive capacity, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Tong Zhang , Fatih Porikli

A key goal in mechanistic interpretability is circuit analysis: finding sparse subgraphs of models corresponding to specific behaviors or capabilities. However, MLP sublayers make fine-grained circuit analysis on transformer-based language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jacob Dunefsky , Philippe Chlenski , Neel Nanda

Hypergraphs serve as an effective model for depicting complex connections in various real-world scenarios, from social to biological networks. The development of Hypergraph Neural Networks (HGNNs) has emerged as a valuable method to manage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Shuai Wang , David W. Zhang , Jia-Hong Huang , Stevan Rudinac , Monika Kackovic , Nachoem Wijnberg , Marcel Worring

Understanding how information is represented in neural networks is a fundamental challenge in both neuroscience and artificial intelligence. Despite their nonlinear architectures, recent evidence suggests that neural networks encode…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 David Klindt , Charles O'Neill , Patrik Reizinger , Harald Maurer , Nina Miolane

Finding human-understandable circuits in language models is a central goal of the field of mechanistic interpretability. We train models to have more understandable circuits by constraining most of their weights to be zeros, so that each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Leo Gao , Achyuta Rajaram , Jacob Coxon , Soham V. Govande , Bowen Baker , Dan Mossing

Motivated by the hypothesis that neural network representations encode abstract, interpretable features as linearly accessible, approximately orthogonal directions, sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have become a popular tool in interpretability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Valérie Costa , Thomas Fel , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Bahareh Tolooshams , Demba Ba

Mechanistic interpretability aims to understand neural networks by identifying which learned features mediate specific behaviors. Attribution graphs reveal these feature pathways, but interpreting them requires extensive manual analysis --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Giuseppe Birardi

While transformer models exhibit strong capabilities on linguistic tasks, their complex architectures make them difficult to interpret. Recent work has aimed to reverse engineer transformer models into human-readable representations called…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Michael Lan , Philip Torr , Fazl Barez

Obtaining sparse, interpretable representations of observable data is crucial in many machine learning and signal processing tasks. For data representing flows along the edges of a graph, an intuitively interpretable way to obtain such…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Josef Hoppe , Michael T. Schaub

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) excel at relational reasoning but face two persistent challenges: the lack of interpretable attribution for heterogeneous node types, and the computational overhead of message passing over large, noisy graphs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Seungwoo Kum

Document parsing is a fundamental task in multimodal understanding, supporting a wide range of downstream applications such as information extraction and intelligent document analysis. Benefiting from strong semantic modeling and robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenhui Liao , Hongliang Li , Pengyu Xie , Xinyu Cai , Yufan Shen , Yi Xin , Qi Qin , Shenglong Ye , Tianbin Li , Ming Hu , Junjun He , Yihao Liu , Wenhai Wang , Min Dou , Bin Fu , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao , Lianwen Jin

Existing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods for code struggle to capture the high-level architectural patterns and cross-file dependencies inherent in complex, theory-driven codebases, such as those in algorithmic game theory…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yusen Wu , Xiaotie Deng
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