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Trustworthiness in healthcare question-answering (QA) systems is important for ensuring patient safety, clinical effectiveness, and user confidence. As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into medical settings, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yinuo Wang , Baiyang Wang , Robert E. Mercer , Frank Rudzicz , Sudipta Singha Roy , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Xindi Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results on machine translation for high resource language pairs and domains. However, in specialised domains (e.g. medical) LLMs have shown lower performance compared to standard neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Miguel Rios

In healthcare tabular predictions, classical models with feature engineering often outperform neural approaches. Recent advances in Large Language Models enable the integration of domain knowledge into feature engineering, offering a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zizheng Zhang , Yiming Li , Justin Xu , Jinyu Wang , Rui Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian , David W Eyre , Jingjing Fu

Summarizing consumer health questions (CHQs) can ease communication in healthcare, but unfaithful summaries that misrepresent medical details pose serious risks. We propose a framework that combines TextRank-based sentence extraction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ajwad Abrar , Nafisa Tabassum Oeshy , Prianka Maheru , Farzana Tabassum , Tareque Mohmud Chowdhury

This study presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of two predominant fine-tuning methodologies - full-parameter fine-tuning and parameter-efficient tuning - within the context of medical Large Language Models (LLMs). We developed…

Biomedical question-answering (QA) has gained increased attention for its capability to provide users with high-quality information from a vast scientific literature. Although an increasing number of biomedical QA datasets has been recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Gabriele Pergola , Elena Kochkina , Lin Gui , Maria Liakata , Yulan He

In the face of rapidly expanding online medical literature, automated systems for aggregating and summarizing information are becoming increasingly crucial for healthcare professionals and patients. Large Language Models (LLMs), with their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Niraj Yagnik , Jay Jhaveri , Vivek Sharma , Gabriel Pila

The recently unprecedented advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled the medical community by establishing advanced medical-domain models. However, due to the limited collection of medical datasets, there are only a few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Ping Yu , Kaitao Song , Fengchen He , Ming Chen , Jianfeng Lu

High-performing medical Large Language Models (LLMs) typically require extensive fine-tuning with substantial computational resources, limiting accessibility for resource-constrained healthcare institutions. This study introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ziad Elshaer , Essam A. Rashed

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising solutions for a variety of medical and clinical decision support applications. However, LLMs are often subject to different types of biases, which can lead to unfair treatment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Raphael Poulain , Hamed Fayyaz , Rahmatollah Beheshti

Large language models (LLMs) acquire substantial world knowledge during pre-training, which is further shaped by post-training techniques such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, the impact of SFT on a model's knowledge remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Junjie Ye , Yuming Yang , Yang Nan , Shuo Li , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a critical step in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human instructions and values, yet many aspects of SFT remain poorly understood. We trained a wide range of base models on a variety of datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yuto Harada , Yusuke Yamauchi , Yusuke Oda , Yohei Oseki , Yusuke Miyao , Yu Takagi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance by following natural language instructions without fine-tuning them on domain-specific tasks and data. However, leveraging LLMs for domain-specific question answering…

The growing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) show significant potential to enhance healthcare by assisting medical researchers and physicians. However, their reliance on static training data is a major risk when medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Juraj Vladika , Mahdi Dhaini , Florian Matthes

Emerging multimodal large language models (MLLMs) exhibit great potential for chart question answering (CQA). Recent efforts primarily focus on scaling up training datasets (i.e., charts, data tables, and question-answer (QA) pairs) through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Xingchen Zeng , Haichuan Lin , Yilin Ye , Wei Zeng

With the rapid growth in the use of fine-tuning for large language models (LLMs), optimizing fine-tuning while keeping inference efficient has become highly important. However, this is a challenging task as it requires improvements in all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Changhun Lee , Jun-gyu Jin , Younghyun Cho , Eunhyeok Park

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful text generation capabilities, bringing unprecedented innovation to the healthcare field. While LLMs hold immense promise for applications in healthcare, applying them to real clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Rui Yang , Edison Marrese-Taylor , Yuhe Ke , Lechao Cheng , Qingyu Chen , Irene Li

Despite strong medical benchmark accuracy, LLMs can exhibit severe multi-turn sycophancy in clinical dialogue, abandoning initial correct diagnosis under escalating pressure. We propose \textbf{\textsc{Med-Stress}}, a targeted stress test…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Boyu Xiao , Xiuqi Tian , Xuwen Song , Haochun Wang , Guanchun Song , Sendong Zhao , Bing Qin

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and alignment of large language models (LLMs) are key steps in providing a good user experience. However, the concept of an appropriate alignment is inherently application-dependent, and current methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Guneet S. Dhillon , Xingjian Shi , Yee Whye Teh , Alex Smola

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in medicine has enabled impressive capabilities, yet a critical gap remains in their ability to perform systematic, transparent, and verifiable reasoning, a cornerstone of clinical practice.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Wenxuan Wang , Zizhan Ma , Meidan Ding , Shiyi Zheng , Shengyuan Liu , Jie Liu , Jiaming Ji , Wenting Chen , Xiang Li , Linlin Shen , Yixuan Yuan