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Related papers: Towards Robust Process Reward Modeling via Noise-a…

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Reward models (RMs) play a crucial role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences and enhancing reasoning quality. Traditionally, RMs are trained to rank candidate outputs based on their correctness and coherence.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yuhui Xu , Hanze Dong , Lei Wang , Caiming Xiong , Junnan Li

Test-time compute scaling allocates inference computation uniformly, uses fixed sampling strategies, and applies verification only for reranking. In contrast, we propose a verifier-guided adaptive framework treating reasoning as iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Ahsan Bilal , Ahmed Mohsin , Muhammad Umer , Ali Subhan , Hassan Rizwan , Ayesha Mohsin , Dean Hougen

Although LLMs exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, existing training methods largely depend on outcome-based feedback, which can produce correct answers with flawed reasoning. Prior work introduces supervision on intermediate steps but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jundong Xu , Hao Fei , Huichi Zhou , Xin Quan , Qijun Huang , Shengqiong Wu , William Yang Wang , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

The challenge of learning with noisy labels is significant in machine learning, as it can severely degrade the performance of prediction models if not addressed properly. This paper introduces a novel framework that conceptualizes noisy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Marzi Heidari , Hanping Zhang , Yuhong Guo

Noisy PN learning is the problem of binary classification when training examples may be mislabeled (flipped) uniformly with noise rate rho1 for positive examples and rho0 for negative examples. We propose Rank Pruning (RP) to solve noisy PN…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-11 Curtis G. Northcutt , Tailin Wu , Isaac L. Chuang

The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning is bottlenecked by the scarcity of high-quality process data. While self-alignment via endogenous rewards offers a solution, mining valid supervision faces three challenges: (1) Label…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanyu Chen , Jiyue Jiang , Dianzhi Yu , Zheng Wu , Jiahong Liu , Jiaming Han , Xiao Guo , Jinhu Qi , Yu Li , Yifei Zhang , Irwin King

Process Reward Models (PRMs) are crucial for guiding Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex scenarios by providing dense reward signals. However, existing PRMs primarily rely on heuristic approaches, which struggle with cross-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Zhangyue Yin , Qiushi Sun , Zhiyuan Zeng , Qinyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Noisy labels damage the performance of deep networks. For robust learning, a prominent two-stage pipeline alternates between eliminating possible incorrect labels and semi-supervised training. However, discarding part of noisy labels could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Mingcai Chen , Hao Cheng , Yuntao Du , Ming Xu , Wenyu Jiang , Chongjun Wang

This project develops a self correcting framework for large language models (LLMs) that detects and mitigates hallucinations during multi-step reasoning. Rather than relying solely on final answer correctness, our approach leverages fine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Chelsea Zou , Yiheng Yao , Basant Khalil

The role of reasoning in Audio Large Language Models remains widely underexplored, as introducing a reasoning process often degrades rather than improves performance during inference, a phenomenon we term test-time inverse scaling, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiajun Fan , Roger Ren , Jingyuan Li , Rahul Pandey , Prashanth Gurunath Shivakumar , Ivan Bulyko , Ankur Gandhe , Ge Liu , Yile Gu

Currently, process reward models (PRMs) have exhibited remarkable potential for test-time scaling. Since large language models (LLMs) regularly generate flawed intermediate reasoning steps when tackling a broad spectrum of reasoning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhouhao Sun , Xuan Zhang , Xiao Ding , Bibo Cai , Li Du , Kai Xiong , Xinran Dai , Fei Zhang , weidi tang , Zhiyuan Kan , Yang Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

The existence of noisy labels in real-world data negatively impacts the performance of deep learning models. Although much research effort has been devoted to improving robustness to noisy labels in classification tasks, the problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Chang Liu , Han Yu , Boyang Li , Zhiqi Shen , Zhanning Gao , Peiran Ren , Xuansong Xie , Lizhen Cui , Chunyan Miao

The rapid advancement of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) has demonstrated excellent abilities in various visual tasks. Building upon these developments, the thinking with images paradigm has emerged, enabling models to dynamically edit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yujin Zhou , Pengcheng Wen , Jiale Chen , Boqin Yin , Han Zhu , Jiaming Ji , Juntao Dai , Chi-Min Chan , Sirui Han

Reasoning in knowledge-intensive domains remains challenging as intermediate steps are often not locally verifiable: unlike math or code, evaluating step correctness may require synthesizing clues across large external knowledge sources. As…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jiwoong Sohn , Tomasz Sternal , Kenneth Styppa , Torsten Hoefler , Michael Moor

Multimodal LLMs often produce fluent yet unreliable reasoning, exhibiting weak step-to-step coherence and insufficient visual grounding, largely because existing alignment approaches supervise only the final answer while ignoring the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jesen Zhang , Ningyuan Liu , Kaitong Cai , Sidi Liu , Jing Yang , Ziliang Chen , Xiaofei Sun , Keze Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are probabilistic in nature and perform more reliably when augmented with external information. As complex queries often require multi-step reasoning over the retrieved information, with no clear or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Roxana Petcu , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have shown promising performance on a variety of vision-language tasks. However, they remain susceptible to hallucinations, generating outputs misaligned with visual content or instructions. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Jinrui Zhang , Teng Wang , Haigang Zhang , Ping Lu , Feng Zheng

Process Reward Models (PRMs) play a central role in evaluating and guiding multi-step reasoning in large language models (LLMs), especially for mathematical problem solving. However, we identify a pervasive length bias in existing PRMs:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Congmin Zheng , Jiachen Zhu , Jianghao Lin , Xinyi Dai , Weiwen Liu , Haoxuan Li , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang , Mengyue Yang

Reward-based alignment methods for large language models (LLMs) face two key limitations: vulnerability to reward hacking, where models exploit flaws in the reward signal; and reliance on brittle, labor-intensive prompt engineering when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zae Myung Kim , Chanwoo Park , Vipul Raheja , Suin Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved impressive performance on complex reasoning tasks by generating detailed chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations. However, these responses are often excessively long, containing redundant reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chen Huang , Wei Lu , Wenxuan Zhang