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The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is emerging as a standard interface through which LLM agents invoke external tools, and a growing ecosystem of MCP servers now mediates access to vendor services. Most of these servers target vendors that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Meriem Mastouri , Emna Ksontini , Amine Barrak , Wael Kessentini

In API testing, deriving logical constraints on API response bodies to be used as oracles is crucial for generating test cases and performing automated testing of RESTful APIs. However, existing approaches are restricted to dynamic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Hieu Huynh , Tri Le , Tu Nguyen , Viet Nguyen , Vu Nguyen , Tien N. Nguyen

In the contemporary landscape of technological advancements, the automation of manual processes is crucial, compelling the demand for huge datasets to effectively train and test machines. This research paper is dedicated to the exploration…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 S Deepika Sri , Mohammed Aadil S , Sanjjushri Varshini R , Raja CSP Raman , Gopinath Rajagopal , S Taranath Chan

The growing adoption of AI agents and the Model Context Protocol (MCP) has motivated organizations to expose existing REST APIs as agent-consumable tools. In our industrial context, this initiative targeted an ecosystem of 16 production…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Rayfran Rocha Lima , Davi G. Assunção Pinheiro , Thiago Medeiros de Menezes

The growing need for scalable, maintainable, and fast-deploying systems has made microservice architecture widely popular in software development. This paper presents a system that uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the API-first…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Saurabh Chauhan , Zeeshan Rasheed , Abdul Malik Sami , Zheying Zhang , Jussi Rasku , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Pekka Abrahamsson

We present a novel benchmark designed to rigorously evaluate the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in mathematical reasoning and algorithmic code synthesis tasks. The benchmark comprises integer sequence generation tasks sourced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Daniel O'Malley , Manish Bhattarai , Nishath Rajiv Ranasinghe , Erick Draayer , Javier Santos

Modern web applications make extensive use of API calls to update the UI state in response to user events or server-side changes. For such applications, API-level testing can play an important role, in-between unit-level testing and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Rahulkrishna Yandrapally , Saurabh Sinha , Rachel Tzoref-Brill , Ali Mesbah

REST API test case generation tools are evolving rapidly, with growing capabilities for the automated generation of complex tests. However, despite their strengths in test data generation, these tools are constrained by the types of test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Juan C. Alonso , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Sergio Segura , Gabriele Bavota , Antonio Ruiz-Cortés

This paper presents Okapi, a new dataset for Natural Language to executable web Application Programming Interfaces (NL2API). This dataset is in English and contains 22,508 questions and 9,019 unique API calls, covering three domains. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Saghar Hosseini , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Yu Su

A common way of exposing functionality in contemporary systems is by providing a Web-API based on the REST API architectural guidelines. To describe REST APIs, the industry standard is currently OpenAPI-specifications. Test generation and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Stefan Karlsson , Robbert Jongeling , Adnan Causevic , Daniel Sundmark

Modern web services routinely provide REST APIs for clients to access their functionality. These APIs present unique challenges and opportunities for automated testing, driving the recent development of many techniques and tools that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Myeongsoo Kim , Qi Xin , Saurabh Sinha , Alessandro Orso

Autonomous AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, where reliable and robust behavior is critical. However, existing agent evaluation frameworks either rely heavily on manual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Syed Yusuf Ahmed , Shiwei Feng , Chanwoo Bae , Calix Barrus Xiangyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) leverage external tools primarily through generating the API request to enhance task completion efficiency. The accuracy of API request generation significantly determines the capability of LLMs to accomplish…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Huanxi Liu , Jiaqi Liao , Dawei Feng , Kele Xu , Huaimin Wang

The effective execution of tests for REST APIs remains a considerable challenge for development teams, driven by the inherent complexity of distributed systems, the multitude of possible scenarios, and the limited time available for test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Thiago Barradas , Aline Paes , Vânia de Oliveira Neves

With this paper, we introduce RESTifAI, an LLM-driven approach for generating reusable, CI/CD ready REST API tests, following the happy-path approach. Unlike existing tools that often focus primarily on internal server errors, RESTifAI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Leon Kogler , Maximilian Ehrhart , Benedikt Dornauer , Eduard Paul Enoiu

RESTful APIs based on HTTP are one of the most important ways to make data and functionality available to applications and software services. However, the quality of the API design strongly impacts API understandability and usability, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Justus Bogner , Sebastian Kotstein , Daniel Abajirov , Timothy Ernst , Manuel Merkel

Assessing the effectiveness of REST API tests in black-box settings can be challenging due to the lack of access to source code coverage metrics and polyglot tech stack. We propose three metrics for capturing average, minimum, and maximum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Nana Reinikainen , Mika Mäntylä , Yuqing Wang

We present FinAI Data Assistant, a practical approach for natural-language querying over financial databases that combines large language models (LLMs) with the OpenAI Function Calling API. Rather than synthesizing complete SQL via…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Juhyeong Kim , Yejin Kim , Youngbin Lee , Hyunwoo Byun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, yet improving their problem-solving capabilities, particularly for complex, reasoning-intensive tasks, remains a persistent challenge. This paper introduces the REAP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Ryan Lingo , Martin Arroyo , Rajeev Chhajer

The combination of LLM agents with external tools enables models to solve complex tasks beyond their knowledge base. Human-designed tools are inflexible and restricted to solutions within the scope of pre-existing tools created by experts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohd Ariful Haque , Justin Williams , Sunzida Siddique , Md. Hujaifa Islam , Hasmot Ali , Kishor Datta Gupta , Roy George