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Vision-language models (VLMs) work well in tasks ranging from image captioning to visual question answering (VQA), yet they struggle with spatial reasoning, a key skill for understanding our physical world that humans excel at. We find that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Michael Ogezi , Freda Shi

Despite significant advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), understanding complex temporal dynamics in videos remains a major challenge. Our experiments show that current Video Large Language Model (Video-LLM) architectures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ali Rasekh , Erfan Bagheri Soula , Omid Daliran , Simon Gottschalk , Mohsen Fayyaz

Recently spatial-temporal intelligence of Visual-Language Models (VLMs) has attracted much attention due to its importance for autonomous driving, embodied AI and general AI. Existing spatial-temporal benchmarks mainly focus on egocentric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Qinghongbing Xie , Zhaoyuan Xia , Feng Zhu , Lijun Gong , Ziyue Li , Rui Zhao , Long Zeng

The unprecedented surge in video data production in recent years necessitates efficient tools to extract meaningful frames from videos for downstream tasks. Long-term temporal reasoning is a key desideratum for frame retrieval systems.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Minkyu Choi , Harsh Goel , Mohammad Omama , Yunhao Yang , Sahil Shah , Sandeep Chinchali

Accurate spatiotemporal traffic forecasting is a critical prerequisite for proactive resource management in dense urban mobile networks. While large language models have shown promise in time series analysis, they inherently struggle to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ning Yang , Hengyu Zhong , Haijun Zhang , Randall Berry

Dynamic scenes contain intricate spatio-temporal information, crucial for mobile robots, UAVs, and autonomous driving systems to make informed decisions. Parsing these scenes into semantic triplets <Subject-Predicate-Object> for accurate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hang Zhang , Zhuoling Li , Jun Liu

While recent large-scale video-language pre-training made great progress in video question answering, the design of spatial modeling of video-language models is less fine-grained than that of image-language models; existing practices of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Hsin-Ying Lee , Hung-Ting Su , Bing-Chen Tsai , Tsung-Han Wu , Jia-Fong Yeh , Winston H. Hsu

Spatial reasoning based on natural language expressions is essential for everyday human tasks. This reasoning ability is also crucial for machines to interact with their environment in a human-like manner. However, recent research shows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tanawan Premsri , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Recent advances in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) target 3D spatial intelligence, yet the progress has been largely driven by post-training on curated benchmarks, leaving the inference-time approach relatively underexplored. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tingshu Mou , Jiabo He , Renying Wang , Ce Liu , Hao Yang , Tiehua Zhang , Jingjing Chen , Xingjun Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Humans naturally understand 3D spatial relationships, enabling complex reasoning like predicting collisions of vehicles from different directions. Current large multimodal models (LMMs), however, lack of this capability of 3D spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wufei Ma , Luoxin Ye , Celso M de Melo , Jieneng Chen , Alan Yuille

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown impressive reasoning abilities, yet they struggle with spatial understanding and layout consistency when performing fine-grained visual editing. We introduce a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Haoyu Zhen , Xiaolong Li , Yilin Zhao , Han Zhang , Sifei Liu , Kaichun Mo , Chuang Gan , Subhashree Radhakrishnan

Visual spatial intelligence is critical for medical image interpretation, yet remains largely unexplored in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for 3D imaging. This gap persists due to a systemic lack of datasets featuring structured…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Quoc-Huy Trinh , Xi Ding , Yang Liu , Zhenyue Qin , Xingjian Li , Gorkem Durak , Halil Ertugrul Aktas , Elif Keles , Ulas Bagci , Min Xu

Spatio-temporal localization is vital for precise interactions across diverse domains, from biological research to autonomous navigation and interactive interfaces. Current video-based approaches, while proficient in tracking, lack the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ghazi Shazan Ahmad , Ahmed Heakl , Hanan Gani , Abdelrahman Shaker , Zhiqiang Shen , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are important tools for reasoning and problem-solving, while they often operate passively, answering questions without actively discovering new ones. This limitation reduces their ability to simulate human-like…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Hong Su

Cause-and-effect reasoning in video is a significant challenge for Vision-Language Models (VLMs), as it requires going beyond surface-level perception to a deeper understanding of causal mechanisms. However, existing benchmarks rarely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mingfang Zhang , Jingjing Pan , Ashutosh Kumar , Rajat Saini , Mustafa Erdogan , Hsuan-Kung Yang , Caixin Kang , Yifei Huang , Yoichi Sato , Quan Kong

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that integrate visual and textual reasoning leverage chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to tackle complex visual tasks, yet continue to exhibit visual hallucinations and an over-reliance on textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jing Bi , Guangyu Sun , Ali Vosoughi , Chen Chen , Chenliang Xu

Puzzles have long served as compact and revealing probes of human cognition, isolating abstraction, rule discovery, and systematic reasoning with minimal reliance on prior knowledge. Leveraging these properties, visual puzzles have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Maria Lymperaiou , Vasileios Karampinis , Giorgos Filandrianos , Angelos Vlachos , Chrysoula Zerva , Athanasios Voulodimos

Understanding the mechanisms behind Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for designing improved models and strategies. While recent studies have yielded valuable insights into the mechanisms of textual LLMs, the mechanisms of Multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zeping Yu , Sophia Ananiadou

Spatio-temporal reasoning is a core capability for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) operating in the real world. As such, evaluating it precisely has become an essential challenge. However, existing spatio-temporal reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jinho Park , Youbin Kim , Hogun Park , Eunbyung Park