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An optimal binary search tree for an access sequence on elements is a static tree that minimizes the total search cost. Constructing perfectly optimal binary search trees is expensive so the most efficient algorithms construct almost…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Mordecai Golin , John Iacono , Stefan Langerman , J. Ian Munro , Yakov Nekrich

This paper revisits cluster-based retrieval that partitions the inverted index into multiple groups and skips the index partially at cluster and document levels during online inference using a learned sparse representation. It proposes an…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yifan Qiao , Shanxiu He , Yingrui Yang , Parker Carlson , Tao Yang

Decision tree optimization is notoriously difficult from a computational perspective but essential for the field of interpretable machine learning. Despite efforts over the past 40 years, only recently have optimization breakthroughs been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Jimmy Lin , Chudi Zhong , Diane Hu , Cynthia Rudin , Margo Seltzer

Decision tree classifiers are a widely used tool in data stream mining. The use of confidence intervals to estimate the gain associated with each split leads to very effective methods, like the popular Hoeffding tree algorithm. From a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-13 Rocco De Rosa

Decision trees have been a very popular class of predictive models for decades due to their interpretability and good performance on categorical features. However, they are not always robust and tend to overfit the data. Additionally, if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Oktay Gunluk , Jayant Kalagnanam , Minhan Li , Matt Menickelly , Katya Scheinberg

Decision trees are popular classification models, providing high accuracy and intuitive explanations. However, as the tree size grows the model interpretability deteriorates. Traditional tree-induction algorithms, such as C4.5 and CART,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Guangyi Zhang , Aristides Gionis

We present an empirical analysis of data structures for approximate nearest neighbor searching. We compare the well-known optimized kd-tree splitting method against two alternative splitting methods. The first, called the sliding-midpoint…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Songrit Maneewongvatana , David M. Mount

Multivariate decision trees are powerful machine learning tools for classification and regression that attract many researchers and industry professionals. An optimal binary tree has two types of vertices, (i) branching vertices which have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Brandon Alston , Illya V. Hicks

Classification and Regression Trees (CARTs) are off-the-shelf techniques in modern Statistics and Machine Learning. CARTs are traditionally built by means of a greedy procedure, sequentially deciding the splitting predictor variable(s) and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-25 Rafael Blanquero , Emilio Carrizosa , Cristina Molero-Río , Dolores Romero Morales

Global optimization of decision trees is a long-standing challenge in combinatorial optimization, yet such models play an important role in interpretable machine learning. Although the problem has been investigated for several decades, only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiancheng Tu , Wenqi Fan , Zhibin Wu

Given a graph $G = (V, E)$, we wish to compute a spanning tree whose maximum vertex degree, i.e. tree degree, is as small as possible. Computing the exact optimal solution is known to be NP-hard, since it generalizes the Hamiltonian path…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Ran Duan , Haoqing He , Tianyi Zhang

Regression trees are one of the oldest forms of AI models, and their predictions can be made without a calculator, which makes them broadly useful, particularly for high-stakes applications. Within the large literature on regression trees,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Rui Zhang , Rui Xin , Margo Seltzer , Cynthia Rudin

Decision trees are widely used for their low computational cost, good predictive performance, and ability to assess the importance of features. Though often used in practice for feature selection, the theoretical guarantees of these methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-09 Kiarash Banihashem , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Max Springer

Real-life machine learning problems exhibit distributional shifts in the data from one time to another or from one place to another. This behavior is beyond the scope of the traditional empirical risk minimization paradigm, which assumes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Timothy DeLise

Approximate nearest neighbor algorithms are used to speed up nearest neighbor search in a wide array of applications. However, current indexing methods feature several hyperparameters that need to be tuned to reach an acceptable…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Elias Jääsaari , Ville Hyvönen , Teemu Roos

Decision Tree (DT) Learning is a fundamental problem in Interpretable Machine Learning, yet it poses a formidable optimisation challenge. Practical algorithms have recently emerged, primarily leveraging Dynamic Programming and Branch &…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Ayman Chaouki , Jesse Read , Albert Bifet

The study of optimal decision trees has gained increasing attention in recent years; however, despite substantial progress, it still suffers from two major challenges: First, trees constructed by existing optimal decision tree (ODT)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xi He

A decision tree recursively splits a feature space $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ and then assigns class labels based on the resulting partition. Decision trees have been part of the basic machine-learning toolkit for decades. A large body of work treats…

Random forests and, more generally, (decision\nobreakdash-)tree ensembles are widely used methods for classification and regression. Recent algorithmic advances allow to compute decision trees that are optimal for various measures such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Christian Komusiewicz , Pascal Kunz , Frank Sommer , Manuel Sorge

A tree-packing is a collection of spanning trees of a graph. It has been a useful tool for computing the minimum cut in static, dynamic, and distributed settings. In particular, [Thorup, Comb. 2007] used them to obtain his dynamic min-cut…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Tijn de Vos , Aleksander B. G. Christiansen