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In a general class of one dimensional random differential equation the convergence of the distribution function of the solution to stationary state distribution is studied. In particular it is proved the boundedness respectively the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-07-07 Gyorgy Steinbrecher , Xavier Garbet , Boris Weyssow

We study the asymptotic behaviour of widely used tests for evaluating and comparing predictive accuracy when forecast errors exhibit heavy tails. In particular, when loss differentials have infinite variance, the Diebold-Mariano test…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-20 Jonas F. Frederiksen , Muneya Matsui , Rasmus S. Pedersen

Risk measures like Marginal Expected Shortfall and Marginal Mean Excess quantify conditional risk and in particular, aid in the understanding of systemic risk. In many such scenarios, models exhibiting heavy tails in the margins and…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-07 Bikramjit Das , Vicky Fasen-Hartmann

We study the so-called pinning model, which describes the behavior of a Markov chain interacting with a distinguished state. The interaction depends on an external source of randomness, called disorder, which can attract or repel the Markov…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-02-27 Niccolo Torri

Heavy-tailed distributions are found throughout many naturally occurring phenomena. We have reviewed the models of stochastic dynamics that lead to heavy-tailed distributions (and power law distributions, in particular) including the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-05-09 Ph. Blanchard , T. Krueger , D. Volchenkov

We propose a novel approach for domain generalisation (DG) leveraging risk distributions to characterise domains, thereby achieving domain invariance. In our findings, risk distributions effectively highlight differences between training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Toan Nguyen , Kien Do , Bao Duong , Thin Nguyen

The probability and structure of co-occurrences of extreme values in multivariate data may critically depend on auxiliary information provided by covariates. In this contribution, we develop a flexible generalized additive modeling…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-06 Linda Mhalla , Thomas Opitz , Valérie Chavez-Demoulin

We establish Hoeffding-type concentration inequalities for the low and high tail bounds of sums of exchangeable random variables. Our results exhibit an anti-symmetry in such tail bounds due to the assumption of exchangeability, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Nina Maria Gottschling , Michele Caprio

Most extreme events in real life can be faithfully modeled as random realizations from a Generalized Pareto distribution, which depends on two parameters: the scale and the shape. In many actual situations, one is mostly concerned with the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-30 Paul Rochet , Isabel Serra

Anomaly detection is crucial in industrial applications for identifying rare and unseen patterns to ensure system reliability. Traditional models, trained on a single class of normal data, struggle with real-world distributions where normal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-07 Jungi Lee , Jungkwon Kim , Chi Zhang , Sangmin Kim , Kwangsun Yoo , Seok-Joo Byun

Classical information-theoretic generalization bounds typically control the generalization gap through KL-based mutual information and therefore rely on boundedness or sub-Gaussian tails via the moment generating function (MGF). In many…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 Huiming Zhang , Binghan Li , Wan Tian , Qiang Sun

Recent works have shown that high probability metrics with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) exhibit informativeness and in some cases advantage over the commonly adopted mean-square error-based ones. In this work we provide a formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Dragana Bajovic , Dusan Jakovetic , Soummya Kar

We propose a novel probabilistic model to facilitate the learning of multivariate tail dependence of multiple financial assets. Our method allows one to construct from known random vectors, e.g., standard normal, sophisticated joint…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-01-14 Xing Yan , Qi Wu , Wen Zhang

We study the problems related to the estimation of the Gini index in presence of a fat-tailed data generating process, i.e. one in the stable distribution class with finite mean but infinite variance (i.e. with tail index $\alpha\in(1,2)$).…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-02 Andrea Fontanari , Nassim Nicholas Taleb , Pasquale Cirillo

Under different assumptions on the distribution of the fading random variables, we derive large deviation estimates for the tail of the interference in a wireless network model whose nodes are placed, over a bounded region of the plane,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-23 Giovanni Luca Torrisi , Emilio Leonardi

Current out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods typically assume balanced in-distribution (ID) data, while most real-world data follow a long-tailed distribution. Previous approaches to long-tailed OOD detection often involve balancing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yina He , Lei Peng , Yongcun Zhang , Juanjuan Weng , Zhiming Luo , Shaozi Li

``When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure'', this adage is known as {\it Goodhart's law}. In this paper, we investigate formally this law and prove that it critically depends on the tail distribution of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-15 El-Mahdi El-Mhamdi , Lê-Nguyên Hoang

The mean-squared displacement (MSD) is an averaged quantity widely used to assess anomalous diffusion. In many cases, such as molecular motors with finite processivity, dynamics of the system of interest produce trajectories of varying…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-07 Chapin S. Korosec , David A. Sivak , Nancy R. Forde

A class of discrete probability distributions contains distributions with limited support. A typical example is some variant of a Likert scale, with response mapped to either the $\{1, 2, \ldots, 5\}$ or $\{-3, -2, \ldots, 2, 3\}$ set. An…

Applications · Statistics 2022-04-25 Bogdan Ćmiel , Jakub Nawała , Lucjan Janowski , Krzysztof Rusek

Stable distributions are of fundamental importance in probability theory, yet their absolute continuity makes them unsuitable for modeling count data. A discrete analog of strict stability has been previously proposed by replacing scaling…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-09 F. William Townes