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Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to inheriting and amplifying societal biases embedded within their training data, potentially reinforcing harmful stereotypes related to gender, occupation, and other sensitive categories. This issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Atmika Gorti , Manas Gaur , Aman Chadha

Mitigating social bias in large language models (LLMs) has become an increasingly important research objective. However, existing debiasing methods often incur high human and computational costs, exhibit limited effectiveness, and struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xiaoqing Cheng , Ruizhe Chen , Hongying Zan , Yuxiang Jia , Min Peng

This study introduces an innovative multilingual bias evaluation framework for assessing bias in Large Language Models, combining explicit bias assessment through the BBQ benchmark with implicit bias measurement using a prompt-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yuxuan Liang , Marwa Mahmoud

With the increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) in education, concerns about inherent biases in these models have gained prominence. We evaluate LLMs for bias in the personalized educational setting, specifically focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Iain Weissburg , Sathvika Anand , Sharon Levy , Haewon Jeong

Bias audits of large language models now operate within governance frameworks such as the EU AI Act, making benchmark reliability a security concern in its own right. Many current benchmarks, however, collapse bias into a single scalar from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jialing Gan , Junhao Dong , Songze Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive natural language processing capabilities but often perpetuate social biases inherent in their training data. To address this, we introduce MultiLingual Augmented Bias Testing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Alessio Buscemi , Cédric Lothritz , Sergio Morales , Marcos Gomez-Vazquez , Robert Clarisó , Jordi Cabot , German Castignani

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly expected to handle complex decision-making tasks, yet their ability to perform structured resource allocation remains underexplored. Evaluating their reasoning is also difficult due to data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sankarshan Damle , Boi Faltings

Test-time scaling (TTS) has been shown to improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) by sampling and aggregating diverse reasoning paths. However, existing research has overlooked a critical issue: selection bias of reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zongqian Wu , Baoduo Xu , Tianyu Li , Zhu Sun , Xiaofeng Zhu , Lei Feng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in financial contexts, raising critical concerns about reliability, alignment, and susceptibility to adversarial manipulation. While prior finance-related benchmarks assess LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaoyu Hu , Jinman Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for recommendation tasks due to their general-purpose capabilities. While LLMs perform well in rich-context settings, their behavior in cold-start scenarios, where only limited signals such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Alexandre Andre , Gauthier Roy , Eva Dyer , Kai Wang

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), general-purpose agents have seen fundamental advancements. However, evaluating these agents presents unique challenges that distinguish them from static QA benchmarks. We observe that current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Pengyu Zhu , Li Sun , Philip S. Yu , Sen Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit various biases and stereotypes in their generated content. While extensive research has investigated biases in LLMs, prior work has predominantly focused on explicit bias, with minimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yachao Zhao , Bo Wang , Yan Wang , Dongming Zhao , Ruifang He , Yuexian Hou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational in modern language-driven software applications, profoundly influencing daily life. A critical technique in leveraging their potential is role-playing, where LLMs simulate diverse roles…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Xinyue Li , Zhenpeng Chen , Jie M. Zhang , Ying Xiao , Tianlin Li , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu , Yiling Lou , Xuanzhe Liu

Do large language models (LLMs) exhibit systematic ideological bias when reasoning about economic causal effects? As LLMs are increasingly used in policy analysis and economic reporting, where directionally correct causal judgments are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Donggyu Lee , Hyeok Yun , Jungwon Kim , Junsik Min , Sungwon Park , Sangyoon Park , Jihee Kim

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a greater challenge of having a rigorous and systematic evaluation of complex tasks performed, especially in enterprise applications. Therefore, LLMs need to be able to benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Bing Zhang , Mikio Takeuchi , Ryo Kawahara , Shubhi Asthana , Md. Maruf Hossain , Guang-Jie Ren , Kate Soule , Yada Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in consequential decisions across healthcare, finance, employment, and public services. Yet accountability remains fragile because process transparency is rarely recorded in a durable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Victor Ojewale , Harini Suresh , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in diverse applications necessitates an assurance of safety without compromising the contextual integrity of the generated content. Traditional approaches, including safety-specific fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Shaina Raza , Ananya Raval , Veronica Chatrath

The assessment of bias within Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a critical concern in the contemporary discourse surrounding Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the context of their potential impact on societal dynamics. Recognizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Luca Rettenberger , Markus Reischl , Mark Schutera

Large language models (LLMs) have facilitated the generation of high-quality, cost-effective synthetic data for developing downstream models and conducting statistical analyses in various domains. However, the increased reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yixin Wu , Ziqing Yang , Yun Shen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed the field of artificial intelligence by unlocking the era of generative applications. Built on top of generative AI capabilities, Agentic AI represents a major shift toward autonomous,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Karanbir Singh , Deepak Muppiri , William Ngu