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Concept Bottleneck Model (CBM) is a methods for explaining neural networks. In CBM, concepts which correspond to reasons of outputs are inserted in the last intermediate layer as observed values. It is expected that we can interpret the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-15 Naoki Hayashi , Yoshihide Sawada

As deep learning models grow in complexity, achieving model-agnostic interpretability becomes increasingly vital. In this work, we employ post-hoc conceptual contrastive edits to expose noteworthy patterns and biases imprinted in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Stamou

Large-scale vision-language models such as CLIP have achieved remarkable success in zero-shot image recognition, yet their predictions remain largely opaque to human understanding. In contrast, Concept Bottleneck Models provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Onat Ozdemir , Anders Christensen , Stephan Alaniz , Zeynep Akata , Emre Akbas

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) and other concept-based interpretable models show great promise for making AI applications more transparent, which is essential in fields like medicine. Despite their success, we demonstrate that CBMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jessica Bader , Leander Girrbach , Stephan Alaniz , Zeynep Akata

Deep learning models developed for time-series associated tasks have become more widely researched nowadays. However, due to the unintuitive nature of time-series data, the interpretability problem -- where we understand what is under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Ziqi Zhao , Yucheng Shi , Shushan Wu , Fan Yang , Wenzhan Song , Ninghao Liu

Understanding the core dimensions of conceptual semantics is fundamental to uncovering how meaning is organized in language and the brain. Existing approaches often rely on predefined semantic dimensions that offer only broad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yunhao Zhang , Shaonan Wang , Nan Lin , Xinyi Dong , Chong Li , Chengqing Zong

Enhancing model interpretability can address spurious correlations by revealing how models draw their predictions. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) can provide a principled way of disclosing and guiding model behaviors through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Jeeyung Kim , Ze Wang , Qiang Qiu

Interpreting the decision logic behind effective deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) on images complements the success of deep learning models. However, the existing methods can only interpret some specific decision logic on individual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Peter Cho-Ho Lam , Lingyang Chu , Maxim Torgonskiy , Jian Pei , Yong Zhang , Lanjun Wang

While Transformers have rapidly gained popularity in various computer vision applications, post-hoc explanations of their internal mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Vision Transformers extract visual information by representing image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Junyi Wu , Bin Duan , Weitai Kang , Hao Tang , Yan Yan

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) ensure interpretability by decomposing predictions into human interpretable concepts. Yet the annotations used for training CBMs that enable this transparency are often noisy, and the impact of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Seonghwan Park , Jueun Mun , Donghyun Oh , Namhoon Lee

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) promise a unified approach for mechanistic interpretability, concept discovery, and model steering in LLMs and LVLMs. However, realizing this potential requires learned features to be both interpretable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Akshay Kulkarni , Tsui-Wei Weng , Vivek Narayanaswamy , Shusen Liu , Wesam A. Sakla , Kowshik Thopalli

Concept-based learning enhances prediction accuracy and interpretability by leveraging high-level, human-understandable concepts. However, existing CBL frameworks do not address survival analysis tasks, which involve predicting event times…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Stanislav R. Kirpichenko , Lev V. Utkin , Andrei V. Konstantinov , Natalya M. Verbova

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to deliver interpretable predictions by routing decisions through a human-understandable concept layer, yet they often suffer reduced accuracy and concept leakage that undermines faithfulness. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Karim Galliamov , Syed M Ahsan Kazmi , Adil Khan , Adín Ramírez Rivera

Concept-Based Models (CBMs) are a class of deep learning models that provide interpretability by explaining predictions through high-level concepts. These models first predict concepts and then use them to perform a downstream task.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 David Debot , Pietro Barbiero , Gabriele Dominici , Giuseppe Marra

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) predict through human-interpretable concepts, but they typically output point concept probabilities that conflate epistemic uncertainty (reducible model underspecification) with aleatoric uncertainty…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tanmoy Mukherjee , Thomas Bailleux , Pierre Marquis , Zied Bouraoui

Generating textual descriptions for images has been an attractive problem for the computer vision and natural language processing researchers in recent years. Dozens of models based on deep learning have been proposed to solve this problem.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Ahmad Asadi , Reza Safabakhsh

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have made significant strides in various natural language processing tasks. However, the lack of interpretability due to their ``black-box'' nature poses challenges for responsible implementation. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Zhen Tan , Lu Cheng , Song Wang , Yuan Bo , Jundong Li , Huan Liu

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enable interpretable image classification by structuring predictions around human-understandable concepts, but extending this paradigm to video remains challenging due to the difficulty of extracting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Patrick Knab , Sascha Marton , Philipp J. Schubert , Drago Guggiana , Christian Bartelt

We address the challenge of generating fair and unbiased image retrieval results given neutral textual queries (with no explicit gender or race connotations), while maintaining the utility (performance) of the underlying vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Fanjie Kong , Shuai Yuan , Weituo Hao , Ricardo Henao

Vision-language model (VLM) encoders such as CLIP enable strong retrieval and zero-shot classification in a shared image-text embedding space, yet the semantic organization of this space is rarely inspected. We present a post-hoc framework…