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Target speaker extraction (TSE) aims to recover a target speaker's speech from a mixture using a reference utterance as a cue. Most TSE systems adopt conditional auto-encoder architectures with one-step inference. Inspired by test-time…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhenghai You , Ying Shi , Lantian Li , Dong Wang

The pursuit of a "unified" discrete token for both speech understanding and generation has led the Speech Language Model (SLM) community to heavily rely on Word Error Rate (WER) -- the core metric for Whisper-style tokenizers -- as the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Xiangyu Zhang , Yuxin Li , Haoyang Zhang , Shiqi Han , Hexin Liu , Qiquan Zhang , Beena Ahmed , Julien Epps

The growing sophistication of speech generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) has introduced new challenges in audio deepfake detection. Text-to-speech (TTS) and voice conversion (VC) technologies can create highly convincing synthetic…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Vamshi Nallaguntla , Aishwarya Fursule , Shruti Kshirsagar , Anderson R. Avila

The goal of speech enhancement (SE) is to eliminate the background interference from the noisy speech signal. Generative models such as diffusion models (DM) have been applied to the task of SE because of better generalization in unseen…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Wen Wang , Dongchao Yang , Qichen Ye , Bowen Cao , Yuexian Zou

Scaling text-to-speech (TTS) to large-scale, multi-speaker, and in-the-wild datasets is important to capture the diversity in human speech such as speaker identities, prosodies, and styles (e.g., singing). Current large TTS systems usually…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-31 Kai Shen , Zeqian Ju , Xu Tan , Yanqing Liu , Yichong Leng , Lei He , Tao Qin , Sheng Zhao , Jiang Bian

Text to speech (TTS) has made rapid progress in both academia and industry in recent years. Some questions naturally arise that whether a TTS system can achieve human-level quality, how to define/judge that quality and how to achieve it. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-11 Xu Tan , Jiawei Chen , Haohe Liu , Jian Cong , Chen Zhang , Yanqing Liu , Xi Wang , Yichong Leng , Yuanhao Yi , Lei He , Frank Soong , Tao Qin , Sheng Zhao , Tie-Yan Liu

This paper presents a simple method that allows to easily enhance textual pre-trained large language models with speech information, when fine-tuned for a specific classification task. A classical issue with the fusion of many embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Nicolas Calbucura , Jose Guillen , Valentin Barriere

Incremental text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis generates utterances in small linguistic units for the sake of real-time and low-latency applications. We previously proposed an incremental TTS method that leverages a large pre-trained language…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Takaaki Saeki , Shinnosuke Takamichi , Hiroshi Saruwatari

Text-to-Speech (TTS) and Voice Conversion (VC) models have exhibited remarkable performance in generating realistic and natural audio. However, their dark side, audio deepfake poses a significant threat to both society and individuals.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Xinfeng Li , Kai Li , Yifan Zheng , Chen Yan , Xiaoyu Ji , Wenyuan Xu

Objective evaluation of synthesized speech is critical for advancing speech generation systems, yet existing metrics for intelligibility and prosody remain limited in scope and weakly correlated with human perception. Word Error Rate (WER)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Ismail Rasim Ulgen , Zongyang Du , Junchen Lu , Philipp Koehn , Berrak Sisman

Accurate uncertainty quantification is crucial for making reliable decisions in various supervised learning scenarios, particularly when dealing with complex, multimodal data such as images and text. Current approaches often face notable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-30 Xinyu Tian , Xiaotong Shen

In this work, we introduce NoiseQuery as a novel method for enhanced noise initialization in versatile goal-driven text-to-image (T2I) generation. Specifically, we propose to leverage an aligned Gaussian noise as implicit guidance to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Ruoyu Wang , Huayang Huang , Ye Zhu , Olga Russakovsky , Yu Wu

Speech Emotion Captioning (SEC) leverages large audio-language models to generate rich, context-aware affective descriptions from speech. However, real-world deployment remains challenging due to the substantial computational demands on…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xiangyuan Xue , Jiajun Lu , Yan Gao , Gongping Huang , Ting Dang , Hong Jia

Large language models (LLMs) are notorious for hallucinating, i.e., producing erroneous claims in their output. Such hallucinations can be dangerous, as occasional factual inaccuracies in the generated text might be obscured by the rest of…

Continuous speech can be converted into a discrete sequence by deriving discrete units from the hidden features of self-supervised learned (SSL) speech models. Although SSL models are becoming larger and trained on more data, they are often…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-06 Jakob Poncelet , Yujun Wang , Hugo Van hamme

Recent advancements in Text-to-Speech (TTS) models, particularly in voice cloning, have intensified the demand for adaptable and efficient deepfake detection methods. As TTS systems continue to evolve, detection models must be able to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Neta Glazer , David Chernin , Idan Achituve , Sharon Gannot , Ethan Fetaya

In this paper, we present a causal speech signal improvement system that is designed to handle different types of distortions. The method is based on a generative diffusion model which has been shown to work well in scenarios with missing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Julius Richter , Simon Welker , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Bunlong Lay , Tal Peer , Timo Gerkmann

Global Style Tokens (GSTs) are a recently-proposed method to learn latent disentangled representations of high-dimensional data. GSTs can be used within Tacotron, a state-of-the-art end-to-end text-to-speech synthesis system, to uncover…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Daisy Stanton , Yuxuan Wang , RJ Skerry-Ryan

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) methods for enhancing Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning often incur substantial computational costs, primarily due to extensive reliance on external Process Reward Models (PRMs) or sampling methods like Best-of-N…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Amirhosein Ghasemabadi , Keith G. Mills , Baochun Li , Di Niu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often hallucinate, generating content inconsistent with the input. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) can mitigate hallucinations but require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yifan Zhu , Huiqiang Rong , Haoran Luo