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Deep learning techniques are one of the most significant elements of any Artificial Intelligence (AI) services. Recently, these Machine Learning (ML) methods, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), presented exceptional achievement in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Mohammad Mehdi Yadollahi , Farzaneh Shoeleh , Sajjad Dadkhah , Ali A. Ghorbani

Image watermarking involves embedding and extracting watermarks within a cover image, with deep learning approaches emerging to bolster generalization and robustness. Predominantly, current methods employ convolution and concatenation for…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Agnibh Dasgupta , Xin Zhong

The huge supporting training data on the Internet has been a key factor in the success of deep learning models. However, this abundance of public-available data also raises concerns about the unauthorized exploitation of datasets for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Ruixiang Tang , Qizhang Feng , Ninghao Liu , Fan Yang , Xia Hu

As there are increasing needs of sharing data for machine learning, there is growing attention for the owners of the data to claim the ownership. Visible watermarking has been an effective way to claim the ownership of visual data, yet the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Sanghyun Hong , Tae-hoon Kim , Tudor Dumitraş , Jonghyun Choi

Efficient and reliable detection of generated images is critical for the responsible deployment of generative models. Existing approaches primarily focus on improving detection accuracy and robustness under various image transformations and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Xinrui Zhong , Xinze Feng , Jingwei Zuo , Fanjiang Ye , Yi Mu , Junfeng Guo , Heng Huang , Myungjin Lee , Yuke Wang

The advancement of deep learning has facilitated the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into clinical practices, particularly in computer-aided diagnosis. Given the pivotal role of medical images in various diagnostic procedures,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-15 Xingxing Wei , Bangzheng Pu , Shiji Zhao , Chen Chi , Huazhu Fu

Deepfake technology poses increasing risks such as privacy invasion and identity theft. To address these threats, we propose WaveGuard, a proactive watermarking framework that enhances robustness and imperceptibility via frequency-domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ziyuan He , Zhiqing Guo , Liejun Wang , Gaobo Yang , Yunfeng Diao , Dan Ma

Neural Structural Obfuscation (NSO) (USENIX Security'23) is a family of ``zero cost'' structure-editing transforms (\texttt{nso\_zero}, \texttt{nso\_clique}, \texttt{nso\_split}) that inject dummy neurons. By combining neuron permutation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yanna Jiang , Guangsheng Yu , Qingyuan Yu , Yi Chen , Qin Wang

Motivated by the problem of detecting AI-generated text, we consider the problem of watermarking the output of language models with provable guarantees. We aim for watermarks which satisfy: (a) undetectability, a cryptographic notion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Noah Golowich , Ankur Moitra

Watermarking enables GenAI providers to verify whether content was generated by their models. A watermark is a hidden signal in the content, whose presence can be detected using a secret watermark key. A core security threat are forgery…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Toluwani Aremu , Noor Hussein , Munachiso Nwadike , Samuele Poppi , Jie Zhang , Karthik Nandakumar , Neil Gong , Nils Lukas

Watermarking generative content serves as a vital tool for authentication, ownership protection, and mitigation of potential misuse. Existing watermarking methods face the challenge of balancing robustness and concealment. They empirically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Huayang Huang , Yu Wu , Qian Wang

In light of recent advancements in generative AI models, it has become essential to distinguish genuine content from AI-generated one to prevent the malicious usage of fake materials as authentic ones and vice versa. Various techniques have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Mehrdad Saberi , Vinu Sankar Sadasivan , Keivan Rezaei , Aounon Kumar , Atoosa Chegini , Wenxiao Wang , Soheil Feizi

Integrating watermarks into generative images is a critical strategy for protecting intellectual property and enhancing artificial intelligence security. This paper proposes Plug-in Generative Watermarking (PiGW) as a general framework for…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Rui Ma , Mengxi Guo , Li Yuming , Hengyuan Zhang , Cong Ma , Yuan Li , Xiaodong Xie , Shanghang Zhang

The rise of text-to-video generation models has raised growing concerns over content authenticity, copyright protection, and malicious misuse. Watermarking serves as an effective mechanism for regulating such AI-generated content, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yang Yang , Xinze Zou , Zehua Ma , Han Fang , Weiming Zhang

Nowadays, with the development of public network usage, medical information is transmitted throughout the hospitals. The watermarking system can help for the confidentiality of medical information distributed over the internet. In medical…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Hamidreza Zarrabi , Ali Emami , Pejman Khadivi , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Adoption of machine learning models across industries have turned Neural Networks (DNNs) into a prized Intellectual Property (IP), which needs to be protected from being stolen or being used without authorization. This topic gave rise to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yi Hao Puah , Anh Tu Ngo , Nandish Chattopadhyay , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Invisible watermarks safeguard images' copyrights by embedding hidden messages only detectable by owners. They also prevent people from misusing images, especially those generated by AI models. We propose a family of regeneration attacks to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Xuandong Zhao , Kexun Zhang , Zihao Su , Saastha Vasan , Ilya Grishchenko , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna , Yu-Xiang Wang , Lei Li

Natural language generation (NLG) applications have gained great popularity due to the powerful deep learning techniques and large training corpus. The deployed NLG models may be stolen or used without authorization, while watermarking has…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Tao Xiang , Chunlong Xie , Shangwei Guo , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

In order to protect the intellectual property (IP) of deep neural networks (DNNs), many existing DNN watermarking techniques either embed watermarks directly into the DNN parameters or insert backdoor watermarks by fine-tuning the DNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Xiangyu Zhao , Yinzhe Yao , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

Watermarking is a crucial tool for safeguarding copyrights and can serve as a more aesthetically pleasing alternative to QR codes. In recent years, watermarking methods based on deep learning have proved superior robustness against complex…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Zhe Lei , Jie Zhang , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu