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There are currently two main paradigms for evaluating large language models (LLMs), reference-based evaluation and preference-based evaluation. The first, carried over from the evaluation of machine learning models in general, relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 David Schlangen , Sherzod Hakimov , Chalamalasetti Kranti , Jonathan Jordan , Philipp Sadler

Memory is a central capability for LLM agents operating across long-horizon tasks. Existing memory benchmarks predominantly evaluate retention of personalized information in multi-turn chat scenarios, overlooking the dynamic memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Wujiang Xu , Yu Wang , Kai Mei , Kaiqu Liang , Zhenting Wang , Mingyu Jin , Han Zhang , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Wenyue Hua , Sambit Sahu , Dimitris N. Metaxas

The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has been accompanied by the development of various benchmarks to evaluate their capabilities. However, the true nature of these evaluations and the extent to which they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Botian Jiang , Lei Li , Xiaonan Li , Zhaowei Li , Xiachong Feng , Lingpeng Kong , Qi Liu , Xipeng Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in handling long sequences. Some models like Gemini could even to be capable of dealing with millions of tokens. However, their performance evaluation has largely been confined to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Tianle Li , Ge Zhang , Quy Duc Do , Xiang Yue , Wenhu Chen

A central challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is its dependence on extensive real-world interaction data to learn task-specific policies. While recent work demonstrates that large language models (LLMs) can mitigate this limitation by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jing-Cheng Pang , Kaiyuan Li , Yidi Wang , Si-Hang Yang , Shengyi Jiang , Yang Yu

The potential of Large Language Model (LLM) as agents has been widely acknowledged recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to quantitatively \textit{evaluate LLMs as agents} on challenging tasks in interactive environments. We present…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve in natural language processing (NLP), their ability to stably follow instructions in long-context inputs has become critical for real-world applications. However, existing benchmarks seldom focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Xiaodong Wu , Minhao Wang , Yichen Liu , Xiaoming Shi , He Yan , Xiangju Lu , Junmin Zhu , Wei Zhang

We present VRBench, the first long narrative video benchmark crafted for evaluating large models' multi-step reasoning capabilities, addressing limitations in existing evaluations that overlook temporal reasoning and procedural validity. It…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jiashuo Yu , Yue Wu , Meng Chu , Zhifei Ren , Zizheng Huang , Pei Chu , Ruijie Zhang , Yinan He , Qirui Li , Songze Li , Zhenxiang Li , Zhongying Tu , Conghui He , Yu Qiao , Yali Wang , Yi Wang , Limin Wang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance and gain widespread use, establishing systematic and reliable evaluation methodologies for LLMs and vision-language models (VLMs) has become essential to ensure their real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jie Feng , Jun Zhang , Tianhui Liu , Xin Zhang , Tianjian Ouyang , Junbo Yan , Yuwei Du , Siqi Guo , Yong Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in perception and interpretation tasks, but their capabilities in predictive reasoning remain under-explored. To address this gap, we introduce a novel benchmark that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mingwei Zhu , Leigang Sha , Yu Shu , Kangjia Zhao , Tiancheng Zhao , Jianwei Yin

Instruction-following is a foundational capability of large language models (LLMs), with its improvement hinging on scalable and accurate feedback from judge models. However, the reliability of current judge models in instruction-following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Bosi Wen , Yilin Niu , Cunxiang Wang , Xiaoying Ling , Ying Zhang , Pei Ke , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

With promising yet saturated results in high-resource settings, low-resource datasets have gradually become popular benchmarks for evaluating the learning ability of advanced neural networks (e.g., BigBench, superGLUE). Some models even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Yudong Wang , Chang Ma , Qingxiu Dong , Lingpeng Kong , Jingjing Xu

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into sophisticated autonomous agents capable of complex software development tasks, evaluating their real-world capabilities becomes critical. While existing benchmarks like…

Reward-guided search methods have demonstrated strong potential in enhancing tool-using agents by effectively guiding sampling and exploration over complex action spaces. As a core design, those search methods utilize process reward models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Dawei Li , Yuguang Yao , Zhen Tan , Huan Liu , Ruocheng Guo

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can exhibit impressive proficiency in isolated, short-term tasks, they often fail to maintain coherent performance over longer time horizons. In this paper, we present Vending-Bench, a simulated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Axel Backlund , Lukas Petersson

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) to assist clinicians has attracted remarkable attention. Existing works mainly adopt the close-ended question-answering (QA) task with answer options for evaluation. However, many clinical…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use. However, the fundamental cognitive faculties essential for problem solving, including perception, reasoning, and memory, remain the stable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaozhe Li , Jixuan Chen , Xinyu Fang , Shengyuan Ding , Haodong Duan , Qingwen Liu , Kai Chen

Multi-agent systems built on Large Language Models (LLMs) show exceptional promise for complex collaborative problem-solving, yet they face fundamental challenges stemming from context window limitations that impair memory consistency, role…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sizhe Yuen , Francisco Gomez Medina , Ting Su , Yali Du , Adam J. Sobey

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential as conversational agents. Yet, their effectiveness remains limited by deficiencies in robust long-term memory, particularly in complex, long-term web-based services such as online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tiantian Chen , Jiaqi Lu , Ying Shen , Lin Zhang

While existing benchmarks probe the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) across diverse domains, they predominantly assess passive reasoning, providing models with all the information needed to reach a solution. By contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhanke Zhou , Xiao Feng , Zhaocheng Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Sanmi Koyejo , Bo Han