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Evaluating the abilities of large language models (LLMs) for tasks that require long-term memory and thus long-context reasoning, for example in conversational settings, is hampered by the existing benchmarks, which often lack narrative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Tavakoli , Alireza Salemi , Carrie Ye , Mohamed Abdalla , Hamed Zamani , J Ross Mitchell

Process-level Reward Models (PRMs) are crucial for complex reasoning and decision-making tasks, where each intermediate step plays an important role in the reasoning process. Since language models are prone to various types of errors during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mingyang Song , Zhaochen Su , Xiaoye Qu , Jiawei Zhou , Yu Cheng

Reward modeling has become a cornerstone of aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Yet, when extended to subjective and open-ended domains such as role play, existing reward models exhibit severe degradation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hang Ding , Qiming Feng , Dongqi Liu , Qi Zhao , Tao Yao , Shuo Wang , Dongsheng Chen , Jian Li , Zhenye Gan , Jiangning Zhang , Chengjie Wang , Yabiao Wang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from static dialogue interfaces to autonomous general agents, effective memory is paramount to ensuring long-term consistency. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on casual conversation or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haonan Bian , Zhiyuan Yao , Sen Hu , Zishan Xu , Shaolei Zhang , Yifu Guo , Ziliang Yang , Xueran Han , Huacan Wang , Ronghao Chen

Reward models play a critical role in guiding large language models toward outputs that align with human expectations. However, an open challenge remains in effectively utilizing test-time compute to enhance reward model performance. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jiaxin Guo , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Qingxiu Dong , Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Furu Wei

Reward models (RMs) are at the crux of successfully using RLHF to align pretrained models to human preferences, yet there has been relatively little study that focuses on evaluation of those models. Evaluating reward models presents an…

The widespread adoption of reinforcement learning-based alignment highlights the growing importance of reward models. Various benchmarks have been built to evaluate reward models in various domains and scenarios. However, a significant gap…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hui Huang , Yancheng He , Wei Liu , Muyun Yang , Jiaheng Liu , Kehai Chen , Bing Xu , Conghui Zhu , Hailong Cao , Tiejun Zhao

Although large visual-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in multimodal tasks, errors may occasionally arise due to biases during the reasoning process. Recently, reward models (RMs) have become increasingly pivotal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jiacheng Ruan , Wenzhen Yuan , Xian Gao , Ye Guo , Daoxin Zhang , Zhe Xu , Yao Hu , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Long-term memory is a critical capability for multimodal large language model (MLLM) agents, particularly in conversational settings where information accumulates and evolves over time. However, existing benchmarks either evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yuanchen Bei , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Yanjun Zhao , Zhining Liu , Xiao Lin , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly interact with external tools, reward modeling for tool use has emerged as a critical yet underexplored area of research. Existing reward models, trained primarily on natural language outputs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Mayank Agarwal , Ibrahim Abdelaziz , Kinjal Basu , Merve Unuvar , Luis A. Lastras , Yara Rizk , Pavan Kapanipathi

Reward models are critical in techniques like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Inference Scaling Laws, where they guide language model alignment and select optimal responses. Despite their importance, existing reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yantao Liu , Zijun Yao , Rui Min , Yixin Cao , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Lifelong learning is essential for intelligent agents operating in dynamic environments. Current large language model (LLM)-based agents, however, remain stateless and unable to accumulate or transfer knowledge over time. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junhao Zheng , Xidi Cai , Qiuke Li , Duzhen Zhang , ZhongZhi Li , Yingying Zhang , Le Song , Qianli Ma

Existing large language models (LLMs) can only afford fix-sized inputs due to the input length limit, preventing them from utilizing rich long-context information from past inputs. To address this, we propose a framework, Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

Existing multilingual long-context benchmarks, often based on the popular needle-in-a-haystack test, primarily evaluate a model's ability to locate specific information buried within irrelevant texts. However, such a retrieval-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Amey Hengle , Prasoon Bajpai , Soham Dan , Tanmoy Chakraborty

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents necessitates the management of extensive, dynamic contexts. Current benchmarks, however, remain largely static, relying on passive retrieval tasks that fail to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shicheng Fang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Jiahao Lu , Chuanyuan Tan , Xinchi Chen , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in open-ended dialogue, yet their inability to retain and retrieve relevant information from long-term interactions limits their effectiveness in applications requiring sustained…

Grasping the concept of time is a fundamental facet of human cognition, indispensable for truly comprehending the intricacies of the world. Previous studies typically focus on specific aspects of time, lacking a comprehensive temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Zheng Chu , Jingchang Chen , Qianglong Chen , Weijiang Yu , Haotian Wang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

In classical Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), Reward Models (RMs) serve as the fundamental signal provider for model alignment. As Large Language Models evolve into agentic systems capable of autonomous tool invocation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiaxuan Wang , Yulan Hu , Wenjin Yang , Zheng Pan , Xin Li , Lan-Zhe Guo

With the growing demand for intelligent in-vehicle experiences, vehicle-based agents are evolving from simple assistants to long-term companions. This evolution requires agents to continuously model multi-user preferences and make reliable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yuhao Chen , Yi Xu , Xinyun Ding , Xiang Fang , Shuochen Liu , Luxi Lin , Qingyu Zhang , Ya Li , Quan Liu , Tong Xu

Despite the advancements and impressive performance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on benchmarks, their effectiveness in real-world, long-context, and multi-image tasks is unclear due to the benchmarks' limited scope. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dingjie Song , Shunian Chen , Guiming Hardy Chen , Fei Yu , Xiang Wan , Benyou Wang