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We examine how the federal government can enhance its AI emergency preparedness: the ability to detect and prepare for time-sensitive national security threats relating to AI. Emergency preparedness can improve the government's ability to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Akash Wasil , Everett Smith , Corin Katzke , Justin Bullock

As AI assistants become integrated into safety engineering workflows for Physical AI systems, a critical question emerges: does AI assistance improve safety analysis quality, or introduce systematic blind spots that surface only through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Umair Siddique

As the deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in high-stakes sectors - like healthcare, finance, education, justice, and infrastructure has increased - the possibility and impact of failures of these systems have significantly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Aoun E Muhammad , Kin Choong Yow , Jamel Baili , Yongwon Cho , Yunyoung Nam

The rapid rollout of AI in heterogeneous public and societal sectors has subsequently escalated the need for compliance with regulatory standards and frameworks. The EU AI Act has emerged as a landmark in the regulatory landscape. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Athanasios Davvetas , Michael Papademas , Xenia Ziouvelou , Vangelis Karkaletsis

AI Safety has become a vital front-line concern of many scientists within and outside the AI community. There are many immediate and long term anticipated risks that range from existential risk to human existence to deep fakes and bias in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Simon Kasif

Most adversarial threats in artificial intelligence (AI) target the computational behavior of models rather than the humans who rely on them. Yet modern AI systems increasingly operate within human decision loops, where users interpret and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shutong Fan , Lan Zhang , Xiaoyong Yuan

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked concerns over their potential to acquire and misuse dangerous or high-risk capabilities, posing frontier risks. Current safety evaluations primarily test for what a model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Shayan Shabihi , Alex McAvoy , Vikash Sehwag , Yuancheng Xu , Dalton Towers , Furong Huang

The European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act establishes comprehensive requirements for high-risk AI systems, yet the harmonized standards necessary for demonstrating compliance remain not fully developed. In this paper, we investigate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Gregor Autischer , Kerstin Waxnegger , Dominik Kowald

Medical Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for clinical decision support across diverse specialties, yet systematic evaluation of their robustness to adversarial misuse and privacy leakage remains inaccessible to most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jinghao Wang , Ping Zhang , Carter Yagemann

The rapid advancement of large models, driven by their exceptional abilities in learning and generalization through large-scale pre-training, has reshaped the landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI). These models are now foundational to a…

Embedding artificial intelligence into systems introduces significant challenges to modern engineering practices. Hazard analysis tools and processes have not yet been adequately adapted to the new paradigm. This paper describes initial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Nikolas Martelaro , Carol J. Smith , Tamara Zilovic

Large language model-based agents are rapidly evolving from simple conversational assistants into autonomous systems capable of performing complex, professional-level tasks in various domains. While these advancements promise significant…

This paper examines the state of affairs on Frontier Safety Policies in light of capability progress and growing expectations held by government actors and AI safety researchers from these safety policies. It subsequently argues that FSPs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Matteo Pistillo

As foundation models grow in both popularity and capability, researchers have uncovered a variety of ways that the models can pose a risk to the model's owner, user, or others. Despite the efforts of measuring these risks via benchmarks and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 David Piorkowski , Michael Hind , John Richards , Jacquelyn Martino

AI advancements have been significantly driven by a combination of foundation models and curiosity-driven learning aimed at increasing capability and adaptability. Within this landscape, open-endedness, where AI agents autonomously and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ivaxi Sheth , Jan Wehner , Sahar Abdelnabi , Ruta Binkyte , Mario Fritz

Most frontier AI developers publicly document their safety evaluations of new AI models in model reports, including testing for chemical and biological (ChemBio) misuse risks. This practice provides a window into the methodology of these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Tom Reed , Tegan McCaslin , Luca Righetti

The rapid advancement and deployment of AI systems have created an urgent need for standard safety-evaluation frameworks. This paper introduces AILuminate v1.0, the first comprehensive industry-standard benchmark for assessing AI-product…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shaona Ghosh , Heather Frase , Adina Williams , Sarah Luger , Paul Röttger , Fazl Barez , Sean McGregor , Kenneth Fricklas , Mala Kumar , Quentin Feuillade--Montixi , Kurt Bollacker , Felix Friedrich , Ryan Tsang , Bertie Vidgen , Alicia Parrish , Chris Knotz , Eleonora Presani , Jonathan Bennion , Marisa Ferrara Boston , Mike Kuniavsky , Wiebke Hutiri , James Ezick , Malek Ben Salem , Rajat Sahay , Sujata Goswami , Usman Gohar , Ben Huang , Supheakmungkol Sarin , Elie Alhajjar , Canyu Chen , Roman Eng , Kashyap Ramanandula Manjusha , Virendra Mehta , Eileen Long , Murali Emani , Natan Vidra , Benjamin Rukundo , Abolfazl Shahbazi , Kongtao Chen , Rajat Ghosh , Vithursan Thangarasa , Pierre Peigné , Abhinav Singh , Max Bartolo , Satyapriya Krishna , Mubashara Akhtar , Rafael Gold , Cody Coleman , Luis Oala , Vassil Tashev , Joseph Marvin Imperial , Amy Russ , Sasidhar Kunapuli , Nicolas Miailhe , Julien Delaunay , Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Rajat Shinde , Tuesday , Debojyoti Dutta , Declan Grabb , Ananya Gangavarapu , Saurav Sahay , Agasthya Gangavarapu , Patrick Schramowski , Stephen Singam , Tom David , Xudong Han , Priyanka Mary Mammen , Tarunima Prabhakar , Venelin Kovatchev , Rebecca Weiss , Ahmed Ahmed , Kelvin N. Manyeki , Sandeep Madireddy , Foutse Khomh , Fedor Zhdanov , Joachim Baumann , Nina Vasan , Xianjun Yang , Carlos Mougn , Jibin Rajan Varghese , Hussain Chinoy , Seshakrishna Jitendar , Manil Maskey , Claire V. Hardgrove , Tianhao Li , Aakash Gupta , Emil Joswin , Yifan Mai , Shachi H Kumar , Cigdem Patlak , Kevin Lu , Vincent Alessi , Sree Bhargavi Balija , Chenhe Gu , Robert Sullivan , James Gealy , Matt Lavrisa , James Goel , Peter Mattson , Percy Liang , Joaquin Vanschoren

As generative AI systems, including large language models (LLMs) and diffusion models, advance rapidly, their growing adoption has led to new and complex security risks often overlooked in traditional AI risk assessment frameworks. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Aviral Srivastava , Sourav Panda

AI model documentation is fragmented across platforms and inconsistent in structure, preventing policymakers, auditors, and users from reliably assessing safety claims, data provenance, and version-level changes. We analyzed documentation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Akhmadillo Mamirov , Faiaz Azmain , Hanyu Wang

AI safety systems face the dual-use dilemma. It is unclear whether to answer dual-use requests, since the same query could be either harmless or harmful depending on who made it and why. To make better decisions, such systems would need to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Evžen Wybitul