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Deploying Large Language Model (LLM) applications, particularly those relying on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), remains challenging due to high computational demands, outdated knowledge bases, and the need to manually select optimal…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding responses in external knowledge during inference. However, conventiona RAG systems under-perform on structured tabular data, largely due to coarse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zebin Guo , Weidong Geng , Ruichen Mao

Text embedding models serve as a fundamental component in real-world search applications. By mapping queries and documents into a shared embedding space, they deliver competitive retrieval performance with high efficiency. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Qi Liu , Yanzhao Zhang , Mingxin Li , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Jiaxin Mao

Recommender systems often struggle with data sparsity and cold-start scenarios, limiting their ability to provide accurate suggestions for new or infrequent users. This paper presents a Graph Attention Network (GAT) based Collaborative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Danial Ebrat , Sepideh Ahmadian , Luis Rueda

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, they still face persistent challenges in retrieval inefficiency and the inability of LLMs to filter out irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ruobing Yao , Yifei Zhang , Shuang Song , Yuhua Liu , Neng Gao , Chenyang Tu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, varying response quality across LLMs under RAG necessitates intelligent routing mechanisms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiarui Zhang , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to inaccuracies. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hailong Yin , Bin Zhu , Jingjing Chen , Chong-Wah Ngo

This paper introduces xRAG, an innovative context compression method tailored for retrieval-augmented generation. xRAG reinterprets document embeddings in dense retrieval--traditionally used solely for retrieval--as features from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xin Cheng , Xun Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Tao Ge , Si-Qing Chen , Furu Wei , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

We address the problem of tuning word embeddings for specific use cases and domains. We propose a new method that automatically combines multiple domain-specific embeddings, selected from a wide range of pre-trained domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Laura Rettig , Julien Audiffren , Philippe Cudré-Mauroux

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a predominant method in the field of professional knowledge-based question answering. Presently, major foundation model companies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Demiao Lin

Word embeddings -- distributed representations of words -- in deep learning are beneficial for many tasks in natural language processing (NLP). However, different embedding sets vary greatly in quality and characteristics of the captured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-31 Wenpeng Yin , Hinrich Schütze

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) utilizes external knowledge to augment Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability. For flexibility, agentic RAG employs autonomous, multi-round retrieval and reasoning to resolve queries. Although recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chao Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Derong Xu , Haoxin Zhang , Yuanjie Lyu , Yuhao Chen , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

We study question answering in the domain of radio regulations, a legally sensitive and high-stakes area. We propose a telecom-specific Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipeline and introduce, to our knowledge, the first multiple-choice…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zakaria El Kassimi , Fares Fourati , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Retrieval-augmented question answering over heterogeneous corpora requires connected evidence across text, tables, and graph nodes. While entity-level knowledge graphs support structured access, they are costly to construct and maintain,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Prasham Titiya , Rohit Khoja , Tomer Wolfson , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

This paper addresses the challenge of comprehending very long contexts in Large Language Models (LLMs) by proposing a method that emulates Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) through specialized prompt engineering and chain-of-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Joon Park , Kyohei Atarashi , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

This report investigates enhancing semantic caching effectiveness by employing specialized, fine-tuned embedding models. Semantic caching relies on embedding similarity rather than exact key matching, presenting unique challenges in…

Search engine has become a fundamental component in various web and mobile applications. Retrieving relevant documents from the massive datasets is challenging for a search engine system, especially when faced with verbose or tail queries.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Kuan Fang , Long Zhao , Zhan Shen , RuiXing Wang , RiKang Zhour , LiWen Fan

Retrieval systems often fail when user queries differ stylistically or semantically from the language used in domain documents. Query rewriting has been proposed to bridge this gap, improving retrieval by reformulating user queries into…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiyoon Myung , Jungki Son , Kyungro Lee , Jihyeon Park , Joohyung Han

Corporate credit underwriting requires analysts to extract actionable evidence from long, heterogeneous financial documents spanning hundreds of pages and multiple languages. Standard Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Linus Ng Junjia , Ezekiel Tee Kongquan , Kelvin Heng , Kenneth Zhu Ke , Zhao Jing Yuan