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This technical report details a novel approach to combining reasoning and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) within a single, lean language model architecture. While existing RAG systems typically rely on large-scale models and external…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant performance improvements across various cognitive tasks. An emerging application is using LLMs to enhance retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) capabilities. These systems require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Satyapriya Krishna , Kalpesh Krishna , Anhad Mohananey , Steven Schwarcz , Adam Stambler , Shyam Upadhyay , Manaal Faruqui

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have emerged as a powerful method for enhancing large language models (LLMs) with up-to-date information. However, the retrieval step in RAG can sometimes surface documents containing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Vignesh Gokul , Srikanth Tenneti , Alwarappan Nakkiran

Conversational systems have made significant progress in generating natural language responses. However, their potential as conversational search systems is currently limited due to their passive role in the information-seeking process. One…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Pierre Erbacher , Jian-Yun Nie , Philippe Preux , Laure Soulier

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) delivers substantial value in knowledge-intensive applications. However, its generated responses often lack transparent reasoning paths that trace back to source evidence from retrieved documents. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jingyi Ren , Yekun Xu , Xiaolong Wang , Weitao Li , Ante Wang , Weizhi Ma , Yang Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating up-to-date external knowledge, yet real-world web environments present unique challenges. These limitations manifest as two key challenges: pervasive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuqin Dai , Shuo Yang , Guoqing Wang , Yong Deng , Zhanwei Zhang , Jun Yin , Pengyu Zeng , Zhenzhe Ying , Changhua Meng , Can Yi , Yuchen Zhou , Weiqiang Wang , Shuai Lu

Conversational search aims to satisfy users' complex information needs via multiple-turn interactions. The key challenge lies in revealing real users' search intent from the context-dependent queries. Previous studies achieve conversational…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Fengran Mo , Jinghan Zhang , Yuchen Hui , Jia Ao Sun , Zhichao Xu , Zhan Su , Jian-Yun Nie

Conversational search seeks to retrieve relevant passages for the given questions in conversational question answering. Conversational Query Reformulation (CQR) improves conversational search by refining the original queries into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jeonghyun Park , Hwanhee Lee

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

The integration of retrieval-augmented techniques with LLMs has shown promise in improving performance across various domains. However, their utility in tasks requiring advanced reasoning, such as generating and evaluating mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Majd Zayyad , Yossi Adi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances factual grounding in large language models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved evidence, but LLM accuracy declines when long or noisy contexts exceed the model's effective attention span. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Debashish Chakraborty , Eugene Yang , Daniel Khashabi , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing large language models (LLMs) on multi-hop question answering (QA), which requires reasoning over evidence from multiple documents. Current multi-hop RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yikai Zhu , Kunfeng Chen , Qihuang Zhong , Juhua Liu , Bo Du

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a common way to ground language models in external documents and up-to-date information. Classical retrieval systems relied on lexical methods such as BM25, which rank documents by term overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Martin Asenov , Kenza Benkirane , Dan Goldwater , Aneiss Ghodsi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone of contemporary NLP, enhancing large language models (LLMs) by allowing them to access richer factual contexts through in-context retrieval. While effective in monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Leonardo Ranaldi , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Cross-lingual retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a critical capability for retrieving and generating answers across languages. Prior work in this context has mostly focused on generation and relied on benchmarks derived from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chen Amiraz , Yaroslav Fyodorov , Elad Haramaty , Zohar Karnin , Liane Lewin-Eytan

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown promising results in enhancing Q&A by incorporating information from the web and other external sources. However, the supporting documents retrieved from the heterogeneous web often originate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Kaize Shi , Xueyao Sun , Qika Lin , Firoj Alam , Qing Li , Xiaohui Tao , Guandong Xu

Despite the rapid progress that existing automated feedback methods have made in correcting the output of large language models (LLMs), these methods cannot be well applied to the relation extraction (RE) task due to their designated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Yongqi Li , Xin Miao , Shen Zhou , Mayi Xu , Yuyang Ren , Tieyun Qian

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained significant popularity in modern Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its effectiveness in introducing new knowledge and reducing hallucinations. However, the deep understanding of RAG remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jingyu Liu , Jiaen Lin , Yong Liu

User queries in real-world retrieval are often non-faithful (noisy, incomplete, or distorted), causing retrievers to fail when key semantics are missing. We formalize this as retrieval under recall noise, where the observed query is drawn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Rita Qiuran Lyu , Michelle Manqiao Wang , Lei Shi

The retrieval augmented generation (RAG) framework addresses an ambiguity in user queries in QA systems by retrieving passages that cover all plausible interpretations and generating comprehensive responses based on the passages. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yeonjun In , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Md Mehrab Tanjim , Tong Yu , Ritwik Sinha , Chanyoung Park