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Word embedding is a key component in many downstream applications in processing natural languages. Existing approaches often assume the existence of a large collection of text for learning effective word embedding. However, such a corpus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Chao Jiang , Hsiang-Fu Yu , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Kai-Wei Chang

Shared embedding spaces are widely used for multimodal search and data curation. In practice, two problems often limit how well this works. First, embeddings can reflect modality more than meaning, so examples cluster by input type even…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Pratyush Muthukumar , Harshil Kotamreddy , Sarah Amiraslani , Tomo Kanazawa , Ramani Akkati , Shaan Jain , Andrew Mathau

Learning high quality sentence embeddings from dialogues has drawn increasing attentions as it is essential to solve a variety of dialogue-oriented tasks with low annotation cost. Annotating and gathering utterance relationships in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Minsik Oh , Jiwei Li , Guoyin Wang

Most video-and-language representation learning approaches employ contrastive learning, e.g., CLIP, to project the video and text features into a common latent space according to the semantic similarities of text-video pairs. However, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Peng Jin , Jinfa Huang , Fenglin Liu , Xian Wu , Shen Ge , Guoli Song , David A. Clifton , Jie Chen

Effective retrieval-augmented generation across bilingual Greek--English applications requires embedding models capable of capturing both domain-specific semantic relationships and cross-lingual semantic alignment. Existing multilingual…

Industry-scale recommender systems face a core challenge: representing entities with high cardinality, such as users or items, using dense embeddings that must be accessible during both training and inference. However, as embedding sizes…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Petr Kasalický , Martin Spišák , Vojtěch Vančura , Daniel Bohuněk , Rodrigo Alves , Pavel Kordík

Recent multi-modal contrastive learning models have demonstrated the ability to learn an embedding space suitable for building strong vision classifiers, by leveraging the rich information in large-scale image-caption datasets. Our work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Yuhui Zhang , Jeff Z. HaoChen , Shih-Cheng Huang , Kuan-Chieh Wang , James Zou , Serena Yeung

In cross-border e-commerce, search relevance modeling faces the dual challenge of extreme linguistic diversity and fine-grained semantic nuances. Existing approaches typically rely on scaling up a single monolithic Large Language Model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ye Liu , Xu Chen , Wuji Chen , Mang Li

The rapidly growing ecosystem of Large Language Models (LLMs) makes it increasingly challenging to manage and utilize the vast and dynamic pool of models effectively. We propose LOCUS, a method that produces low-dimensional vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shivam Patel , William Cocke , Gauri Joshi

Word embeddings are fundamental to natural language processing, yet traditional approaches represent each word with a single vector, creating representational bottlenecks for polysemous words and limiting semantic expressiveness. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Orhan Demirci , Sezer Aptourachman , Aydın Kaya

Cross-modal image-text retrieval is challenging because of the diverse possible associations between content from different modalities. Traditional methods learn a single-vector embedding to represent semantics of each sample, but struggle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Hani Alomari , Anushka Sivakumar , Andrew Zhang , Chris Thomas

The ability to retrieve semantically and directionally similar short-range trajectories with both accuracy and efficiency is foundational for downstream applications such as motion forecasting and autonomous navigation. However, prevailing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Abhishek Vivekanandan , Christian Hubschneider , J. Marius Zöllner

Learning quality document embeddings is a fundamental problem in natural language processing (NLP), information retrieval (IR), recommendation systems, and search engines. Despite recent advances in the development of transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Daniel Saggau , Mina Rezaei , Bernd Bischl , Ilias Chalkidis

Word2vec is one of the most used algorithms to generate word embeddings because of a good mix of efficiency, quality of the generated representations and cognitive grounding. However, word meaning is not static and depends on the context in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Federico Bianchi , Valerio Di Carlo , Paolo Nicoli , Matteo Palmonari

Embeddings, low-dimensional vector representation of objects, are fundamental in building modern machine learning systems. In industrial settings, there is usually an embedding team that trains an embedding model to solve intended tasks…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-08 Weihua Hu , Rajas Bansal , Kaidi Cao , Nikhil Rao , Karthik Subbian , Jure Leskovec

Metric learning is a fundamental problem in computer vision whereby a model is trained to learn a semantically useful embedding space via ranking losses. Traditionally, the effectiveness of a ranking loss depends on the minibatch size, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Thalaiyasingam Ajanthan , Matt Ma , Anton van den Hengel , Stephen Gould

High-resolution (HR) image perception presents a key bottleneck for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While visual search offers a promising solution, existing methods struggle with the trade-off between coverage and efficiency.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Liupeng Li , Haoqian Kang , Zhenyu Lu , Jinpeng Wang , Bin Chen , Ke Chen , Yaowei Wang

Word embeddings, which represent a word as a point in a vector space, have become ubiquitous to several NLP tasks. A recent line of work uses bilingual (two languages) corpora to learn a different vector for each sense of a word, by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Shyam Upadhyay , Kai-Wei Chang , Matt Taddy , Adam Kalai , James Zou

Contrastive learning has proven to be highly efficient and adaptable in shaping representation spaces across diverse modalities by pulling similar samples together and pushing dissimilar ones apart. However, two key limitations persist: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Ziwen Wang , Jiajun Fan , Thao Nguyen , Heng Ji , Ge Liu

The development of high-quality text embeddings is increasingly drifting toward an exclusionary future, defined by three critical barriers: prohibitive computational costs, a narrow linguistic focus that neglects most of the world's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ziyin Zhang , Zihan Liao , Hang Yu , Peng Di , Rui Wang