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Optional type annotations allow for enriching dynamic programming languages with static typing features like better Integrated Development Environment (IDE) support, more precise program analysis, and early detection and prevention of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Bernd Gruner , Tim Sonnekalb , Thomas S. Heinze , Clemens-Alexander Brust

Adversaries (hackers) attempting to infiltrate networks frequently face uncertainty in their operational environments. This research explores the ability to model and detect when they exhibit ambiguity aversion, a cognitive bias reflecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Stephan Carney , Soham Hans , Sofia Hirschmann , Stacey Marsella , Yvonne Fonken , Peggy Wu , Nikolos Gurney

Argument mining tasks require an informed range of low to high complexity linguistic phenomena and commonsense knowledge. Previous work has shown that pre-trained language models are highly effective at encoding syntactic and semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 João Rodrigues , Ruben Branco , António Branco

We evaluate language models on their ability to explore interactive environments under a limited interaction budget. We introduce three parametric tasks with controllable exploration difficulty, spanning continuous and discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mahdi JafariRaviz , Keivan Rezaei , Arshia Soltani Moakhar , Zahra Sodagar , Yize Cheng , Soheil Feizi

In this article I describe a research agenda for securing machine learning models against adversarial inputs at test time. This article does not present results but instead shares some of my thoughts about where I think that the field needs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Ian Goodfellow

Jailbreaks are adversarial attacks designed to bypass the built-in safety mechanisms of large language models. Automated jailbreaks typically optimize an adversarial suffix or adapt long prompt templates by forcing the model to generate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Raffaele Mura , Giorgio Piras , Kamilė Lukošiūtė , Maura Pintor , Amin Karbasi , Battista Biggio

Adversarial attacks can mislead neural network classifiers. The defense against adversarial attacks is important for AI safety. Adversarial purification is a family of approaches that defend adversarial attacks with suitable pre-processing.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Boya Zhang , Weijian Luo , Zhihua Zhang

The rapid advancement of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has brought their safety vulnerabilities into sharp focus. However, existing red teaming methods are fundamentally constrained by an inherent linear exploration paradigm, confining them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Chunxiao Li , Lijun Li , Jing Shao

Despite the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various sectors, cyber security continues to rely on traditional static and dynamic analysis tools, hampered by high false positive rates and superficial code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Rajesh Yarra

Identifying the vulnerabilities of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for improving their safety by addressing inherent weaknesses. Jailbreaks, in which adversaries bypass safeguards with crafted input prompts, play a central role in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Hamin Koo , Minseon Kim , Jaehyung Kim

Many-shot jailbreaking circumvents the safety alignment of LLMs by exploiting their ability to process long input sequences. To achieve this, the malicious target prompt is prefixed with hundreds of fabricated conversational exchanges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Avery Ma , Yangchen Pan , Amir-massoud Farahmand

Adversarial attacks have threatened the application of deep neural networks in security-sensitive scenarios. Most existing black-box attacks fool the target model by interacting with it many times and producing global perturbations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Tao Xiang , Hangcheng Liu , Shangwei Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofeng Liao

The increasing complexity of cyber threats in distributed environments demands advanced frameworks for real-time detection and response across multimodal data streams. This paper introduces AgenticCyber, a generative AI powered multi-agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shovan Roy

Large language models have drawn significant attention to the challenge of safe alignment, especially regarding jailbreak attacks that circumvent security measures to produce harmful content. To address the limitations of existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Hanqing Liu , Lifeng Zhou , Huanqian Yan

Using prompts to explore the knowledge contained within pre-trained language models for downstream tasks has now become an active topic. Current prompt tuning methods mostly convert the downstream tasks to masked language modeling problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Jiale Han , Shuai Zhao , Bo Cheng , Shengkun Ma , Wei Lu

Generative models are rapidly gaining popularity and being integrated into everyday applications, raising concerns over their safe use as various vulnerabilities are exposed. In light of this, the field of red teaming is undergoing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Lizhi Lin , Honglin Mu , Zenan Zhai , Minghan Wang , Yuxia Wang , Renxi Wang , Junjie Gao , Yixuan Zhang , Wanxiang Che , Timothy Baldwin , Xudong Han , Haonan Li

Many operational AI systems depend on large-scale human annotation to detect rare but consequential events (e.g., fraud, defects, and medical abnormalities). When positives are rare, the prevalence effect induces systematic cognitive biases…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Gunnar P. Epping , Andrew Caplin , Erik Duhaime , William R. Holmes , Daniel Martin , Jennifer S. Trueblood

Over the past decade, there has been extensive research aimed at enhancing the robustness of neural networks, yet this problem remains vastly unsolved. Here, one major impediment has been the overestimation of the robustness of new defense…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Leo Schwinn , David Dobre , Stephan Günnemann , Gauthier Gidel

A major challenge to deploying cyber-physical systems with learning-enabled controllers is to ensure their safety, especially in the face of changing environments that necessitate runtime knowledge acquisition. Model-checking and automated…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yao Feng , Jun Zhu , André Platzer , Jonathan Laurent

We introduce a novel framework that transforms the resource-intensive (adversarial) prompt optimization problem into an \emph{efficient, amortized inference task}. Our core insight is that pretrained, non-autoregressive generative LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 David Lüdke , Tom Wollschläger , Paul Ungermann , Stephan Günnemann , Leo Schwinn
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