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The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a core NP-hard problem in the field of combinatorial optimization. It aims to plan optimal routes for a fleet of vehicles with uniform capacity, serving a set of customers with specific…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yongyu Chen

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is one of the most extensively studied problems in combinatorial optimization. Based on customer demand, we distinguish three variants of CVRP: unit-demand, splittable, and unsplittable. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jingyang Zhao , Mingyu Xiao

This study presents an in-depth computational analysis of four well-known Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) formulations with polynomial number of subtour elimination constraints: a node-based formulation and three arc-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-02 Deniz Aksen , Temel Oncan , Mir Ehsan Hesam Sadati

Complex real-life routing challenges can be modeled as variations of well-known combinatorial optimization problems. These routing problems have long been studied and are difficult to solve at scale. The particular setting may also make…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Marijn van Knippenberg , Mike Holenderski , Vlado Menkovski

Efficiently solving a vehicle routing problem (VRP) in a practical runtime is a critical challenge for delivery management companies. This paper explores both a theoretical and experimental connection between the Capacitated Vehicle Routing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-22 Abdelhakim Abdellaoui , Loubna Benabbou , Issmail El Hallaoui

Learning how to automatically solve optimization problems has the potential to provide the next big leap in optimization technology. The performance of automatically learned heuristics on routing problems has been steadily improving in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-01 André Hottung , Kevin Tierney

In this paper, we propose a new dataset of Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem instances which are up to two orders of magnitude larger than those in the currently used benchmarks. Despite these sizes might not have an immediate application…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Luca Accorsi , Daniele Vigo

We investigate the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) under a robotics context, where a vehicle with limited payload must complete delivery (or pickup) tasks to serve a set of geographically distributed customers with varying…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Kai Gao , Jingjin Yu

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a fundamental NP-hard problem with broad applications in logistics and transportation. Real-world CVRPs often involve diverse objectives and complex constraints, such as time windows or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Wen Wang , Xiangchen Wu , Liang Wang , Hao Hu , Xianping Tao

In this paper, we evaluate the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to solve a classic combinatorial optimization problem: the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). We formalize this problem in the RL framework and compare two of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Leo Ardon

Capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) is being one of the most common optimization problems in our days, considering the wide usage of routing algorithms in multiple fields such as transportation domain, food delivery, network routing,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Hassan Moussa

The capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) is one of the most extensively studied problems in combinatorial optimization. In this problem, we are given a depot and a set of customers, each with a demand, embedded in a metric space. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jingyang Zhao , Mingyu Xiao

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a popular generalization of the Traveling Salesperson Problem. Instead of one salesperson traversing the entire weighted, undirected graph $G$, there are $k$ vehicles available to jointly cover the set…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Michelle Döring , Jan Fehse , Tobias Friedrich , Paula Marten , Niklas Mohrin , Kirill Simonov , Farehe Soheil , Jakob Timm , Shaily Verma

In this paper, we present improved approximation algorithms for the (unsplittable) Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) in general metrics. In CVRP, introduced by Dantzig and Ramser (1959), we are given a set of points (clients) $V$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Zachary Friggstad , Ramin Mousavi , Mirmahdi Rahgoshay , Mohammad R. Salavatipour

In this paper, we present Approximation Schemes for Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) on several classes of graphs. In CVRP, introduced by Dantzig and Ramser (1959), we are given a graph $G=(V,E)$ with metric edges costs, a depot…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Aditya Jayaprakash , Mohammad R. Salavatipour

We investigate a structural decomposition for the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) based on vehicle-to-customer "assignment" and visits "sequencing" decision variables. We show that an heuristic search focused on assignment…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-19 Túlio A. M. Toffolo , Thibaut Vidal , Tony Wauters

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), a fundamental combinatorial optimization challenge, focuses on optimizing fleet operations under vehicle capacity constraints. While extensively studied in operational research, the NP-hard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhuoliang Xie , Fei Liu , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

Motivated by the promising advances of deep-reinforcement learning (DRL) applied to cooperative multi-agent systems we propose a model and learning procedure to solve the Capacitated Multi-Vehicle Routing Problem (CMVRP) with fixed fleet…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Jose Manuel Vera , Andres G. Abad

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is an NP-optimization problem (NPO) that has been of great interest for decades for both, science and industry. The CVRP is a variant of the vehicle routing problem characterized by capacity…

This paper introduces the two-level capacitated vehicle routing problem (2S-CVRP). This problem combines the two-level bin packing problem and the vehicle routing problem into an integrated framework. The problem itself is an NP-hard…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-14 Congzheng Liu
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