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Can Vision-Language Models (VLMs) imagine the full scene from just a few views, like humans do? Humans form spatial mental models naturally, internal representations of unseen space, to reason about layout, perspective, and motion. Our…

The human brain is naturally equipped to comprehend and interpret visual information rapidly. When confronted with complex problems or concepts, we use flowcharts, sketches, and diagrams to aid our thought process. Leveraging this inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Fanxu Meng , Haotong Yang , Yiding Wang , Muhan Zhang

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

Recent advances in reasoning with large language models (LLMs) have popularized Long Chain-of-Thought (LCoT), a strategy that encourages deliberate and step-by-step reasoning before producing a final answer. While LCoTs have enabled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Gangwei Jiang , Yahui Liu , Zhaoyi Li , Qi Wang , Fuzheng Zhang , Linqi Song , Ying Wei , Defu Lian

Learning latent representations that capture both semantic and spatial information is central to efficient spatio-semantic reasoning. However, many existing approaches rely on implicit latent structures combined with dense feature maps or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 SeongMin Jin , Doo Seok Jeong

Mathematical reasoning is a hallmark of human intelligence, requiring logical deduction, symbolic manipulation, and abstract thinking. Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on geometry problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yingji Zhang , Yong Dai , André Freitas

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) still lack robustness in spatial intelligence, demonstrating poor performance on spatial understanding and reasoning tasks. We attribute this gap to the absence of a visual geometry learning process capable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Wenbo Hu , Jingli Lin , Yilin Long , Yunlong Ran , Lihan Jiang , Yifan Wang , Chenming Zhu , Runsen Xu , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang

Large language models (LLMs) equipped with chain-of-thought (CoT) achieve strong performance and offer a window into LLM behavior. However, recent evidence suggests that improvements in CoT capabilities often come with redundant reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Yibo Gao , Danyang Zhao , Qika Lin , Ming Ma , Jiayun Li , Yi Jiang , Kai He , Qianyi Xu , Bing Qin , Mengling Feng

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex reasoning tasks by generating intermediate reasoning steps. However, most existing approaches focus on hard token decoding, which constrains reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yige Xu , Xu Guo , Zhiwei Zeng , Chunyan Miao

We introduce GSU, a text-only grid dataset to evaluate the spatial reasoning capabilities of LLMs over 3 core tasks: navigation, object localization, and structure composition. By forgoing visual inputs, isolating spatial reasoning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Risham Sidhu , Julia Hockenmaier

Despite impressive advancements in Visual-Language Models (VLMs) for multi-modal tasks, their reliance on RGB inputs limits precise spatial understanding. Existing methods for integrating spatial cues, such as point clouds or depth, either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yang Liu , Ming Ma , Xiaomin Yu , Pengxiang Ding , Han Zhao , Mingyang Sun , Siteng Huang , Donglin Wang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) is a method that enables language models to handle complex reasoning tasks by decomposing them into simpler steps. Despite its success, the underlying mechanics of CoT are not yet fully understood. In an attempt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Yingcong Li , Kartik Sreenivasan , Angeliki Giannou , Dimitris Papailiopoulos , Samet Oymak

3D visual grounding aims to locate objects based on natural language descriptions in 3D scenes. Existing methods rely on a pre-defined Object Lookup Table (OLT) to query Visual Language Models (VLMs) for reasoning about object locations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Wenyuan Huang , Zhao Wang , Zhou Wei , Ting Huang , Fang Zhao , Jian Yang , Zhenyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in natural language processing tasks by leveraging chain of thought (CoT) that enables step-by-step thinking. Extending LLMs with multimodal capabilities is the recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Debjyoti Mondal , Suraj Modi , Subhadarshi Panda , Rituraj Singh , Godawari Sudhakar Rao

Human-level concept learning argues that humans typically learn new concepts from a single example, whereas machine learning algorithms typically require hundreds of samples to learn a single concept. Our brain subconsciously identifies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Amin Sadri , M Maruf Hossain

Understanding how humans cooperatively utilize semantic knowledge to explore unfamiliar environments and decide on navigation directions is critical for house service multi-robot systems. Previous methods primarily focused on single-robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Zhixuan Shen , Haonan Luo , Kexun Chen , Fengmao Lv , Tianrui Li

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and its variants have markedly advanced the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet their monolithic and auto-regressive architecture inherently conflates high-level strategic planning with low-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kaisen Yang , Lixuan He , Rushi Shah , Kaicheng Yang , Qinwei Ma , Dianbo Liu , Alex Lamb

Explicit Chain-of-Thought improves the reasoning performance of large language models but often incurs high inference cost due to verbose token-level traces. While recent approaches reduce this overhead via concise prompting or step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yunlong Chu , Minglai Shao , Yuhang Liu , Bing Hao , Yumeng Lin , Jialu Wang , Ruijie Wang

Open-vocabulary 3D visual grounding and reasoning aim to localize objects in a scene based on implicit language descriptions, even when they are occluded. This ability is crucial for tasks such as vision-language navigation and autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Zhenyang Liu , Yikai Wang , Sixiao Zheng , Tongying Pan , Longfei Liang , Yanwei Fu , Xiangyang Xue

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated unprecedented capability in reasoning with natural language. Coupled with this development is the emergence of embodied AI in robotics. Despite showing promise for verbal and written reasoning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Veronica Bot , Zheyuan Xu