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Future wireless systems, known as gigantic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), are expected to enhance performance by significantly increasing the number of antennas, e.g., a few thousands. To enable gigantic MIMO overcoming the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

To meet the demands of future wireless networks, antenna arrays must scale from massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to gigantic MIMO, involving even larger numbers of antennas. To address the hardware and computational cost of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Analog computing has been recently revived due to its potential for energy-efficient and highly parallel computations. In this two-part paper, we explore analog computers that linearly process microwave signals, named microwave linear…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Microwave linear analog computer (MiLAC) has emerged as a promising architecture for implementing linear multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processing in the analog domain, with radio frequency (RF) signals. Existing studies on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Microwave linear analog computing (MiLAC) has recently emerged as a promising architecture for analog-domain beamforming. In particular, a hybrid digital-MiLAC architecture was proposed and was shown to achieve fully-digital beamforming…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Yiyang Peng , Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Analog-domain operations offer a promising solution to accelerating signal processing and enabling future multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications with thousands of antennas. In Part I of this paper, we have introduced a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

As wireless communication systems evolve toward the 6G era, ultra-massive/gigantic MIMO is envisioned as a key enabling technology. Recently, microwave linear analog computer (MiLAC) has emerged as a promising approach to realize…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Zheyu Wu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has waveform diversity and large spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs), making it attractive for high-resolution sensing. Scaling MIMO radar to massive arrays can further improve sensing performance,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Ziang Liu , Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Microwave linear analog computer (MiLAC)-aided transmit beamforming, which processes transmitted symbols entirely in the analog domain, has recently emerged as a promising alternative to fully digital or hybrid beamforming architectures for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Xiaohua Zhou , Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao , Bruno Clerckx

Low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are promising for reducing energy consumption and costs of multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with many antennas. We propose low-resolution multiuser MIMO receivers…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-21 Ana Beatriz L. B. Fernandes , Zhichao Shao , Lukas T. N. Landau , Rodrigo C. de Lamare

Microwave linear analog computer (MiLAC)-aided beamforming, which processes the transmitted symbols fully in the analog domain, has recently emerged as a promising alternative to fully digital and hybrid beamforming architectures for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Tianyu Fang , Xiaohua Zhou , Yijie Mao

In this article, we investigate channel estimation for wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) under hybrid architecture with lowprecision analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). To design channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-09-13 Yucheng Wang , Wei Xu , Hua Zhang , Xiaohu You

A large-scale MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system offers significant advantages in wireless communication, including potential spatial multiplexing and beamforming capabilities. However, channel estimation becomes challenging with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson

We consider channel estimation for an uplink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system where the base station (BS) uses an array with low-resolution (1-2 bit) analog-to-digital converters and a spatial Sigma-Delta…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-15 Shilpa Rao , Gonzalo Seco-Granados , Hessam Pirzadeh , Josef A. Nossek , A. Lee Swindlehurst

This paper considers channel estimation and achievable rates for the uplink of a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system where the base station is equipped with one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). By rewriting the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Yongzhi Li , Cheng Tao , Liu Liu , Gonzalo Seco-Granados , A. Lee Swindlehurst

To glean the benefits offered by massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, channel state information must be accurately acquired. Despite the high accuracy, the computational complexity of classical linear minimum mean squared error…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Bin Li , Ziping Wei , Shaoshi Yang , Yang Zhang , Jun Zhang , Chenglin Zhao , Sheng Chen

We develop a broadband channel estimation algorithm for millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems with few-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Our methodology exploits the joint sparsity of the mmWave MIMO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Jianhua Mo , Philip Schniter , Robert W. Heath

Channel estimation and precoding in hybrid analog-digital millimeter-wave (mmWave) MIMO systems is a fundamental problem that has yet to be addressed, before any of the promised gains can be harnessed. For that matter, we propose a method…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-28 Hadi Ghauch , Taejoon Kim , Mats Bengtsson , Mikael Skoglund

Millimeter wave (mmWave) multi-user massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is a promising technique for the next generation communication systems. However, the hardware cost and power consumption grow significantly as the number of radio…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 Liangyuan Xu , Feifei Gao , Ting Zhou , Shaodan Ma , Wei Zhang

We consider multi-antenna wireless systems aided by large intelligent surfaces (LIS). LIS presents a new physical layer technology for improving coverage and energy efficiency by intelligently controlling the propagation environment. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-17 Neel Kanth Kundu , Matthew R. McKay
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