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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been found to struggle with systematic reasoning. Even on tasks where they appear to perform well, their performance often depends on shortcuts, rather than on genuine reasoning abilities, leading them to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Irtaza Khalid , Amir Masoud Nourollah , Steven Schockaert

The widespread success of large language models (LLMs) has been met with skepticism that they possess anything like human concepts or meanings. Contrary to claims that LLMs possess no meaning whatsoever, we argue that they likely capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Steven T. Piantadosi , Felix Hill

Entity matching is the task of linking records from different sources that refer to the same real-world entity. Past work has primarily treated entity linking as a standard supervised learning problem. However, supervised entity matching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Somin Wadhwa , Adit Krishnan , Runhui Wang , Byron C. Wallace , Chris Kong

Dynamical systems theory provides a framework for analyzing iterative processes and evolution over time. Within such systems, repetitive transformations can lead to stable configurations, known as attractors, including fixed points and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zhilin Wang , Yafu Li , Jianhao Yan , Yu Cheng , Yue Zhang

Exploring the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in puzzle solving unveils critical insights into their potential and challenges in AI, marking a significant step towards understanding their applicability in complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Panagiotis Giadikiaroglou , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Filandrianos , Giorgos Stamou

Language models are typically evaluated on their success at predicting the distribution of specific words in specific contexts. Yet linguistic knowledge also encodes relationships between contexts, allowing inferences between word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Michael Wilson , Jackson Petty , Robert Frank

Large Language Models are useless for linguistics, as they are probabilistic models that require a vast amount of data to analyse externalized strings of words. In contrast, human language is underpinned by a mind-internal computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Johan J. Bolhuis , Andrea Moro , Stephen Crain , Sandiway Fong

What do language models (LMs) do with language? Everyone agrees that they can produce sequences of (mostly) coherent strings of English. But do those sentences mean something, or are LMs simply babbling in a convincing simulacrum of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Matthew Mandelkern , Tal Linzen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities across various natural language processing tasks. Their ability to process and generate viable text and code has made them ubiquitous in many fields, while their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Stef De Sabbata , Stefano Mizzaro , Kevin Roitero

This paper introduces the Word Synchronization Challenge, a novel benchmark to evaluate large language models (LLMs) in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). This benchmark uses a dynamic game-like framework to test LLMs ability to mimic human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Tanguy Cazalets , Joni Dambre

Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can assess relevance and support information retrieval (IR) tasks such as document ranking and relevance judgment generation. However, the internal mechanisms by which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Qi Liu , Jiaxin Mao , Ji-Rong Wen

Reasoning-oriented large language models (RLMs) achieve strong gains on tasks such as mathematics and coding by generating explicit intermediate reasoning. However, their impact on machine translation (MT) remains underexplored. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sara Rajaee , Sebastian Vincent , Alexandre Berard , Marzieh Fadaee , Kelly Marchisio , Tom Kocmi

Since the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) a couple of years ago, researchers in metaheuristics (MHs) have wondered how to use their power in a beneficial way within their algorithms. This paper introduces a novel approach that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Camilo Chacón Sartori , Christian Blum , Filippo Bistaffa , Guillem Rodríguez Corominas

Large language models (LLMs) have a surprising failure: when trained on "A has a feature B", they do not generalize to "B is a feature of A", which is termed the Reversal Curse. Even when training with trillions of tokens this issue still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Olga Golovneva , Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Jason Weston , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become capable of generating highly fluent text in certain languages, without modules specially designed to capture grammar or semantic coherence. What does this mean for the future of linguistic expertise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Juri Opitz , Shira Wein , Nathan Schneider

Phrases are fundamental linguistic units through which humans convey semantics. This study critically examines the capacity of API-based large language models (LLMs) to comprehend phrase semantics, utilizing three human-annotated datasets.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Rui Meng , Ye Liu , Lifu Tu , Daqing He , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Deductive reasoning plays a pivotal role in the formulation of sound and cohesive arguments. It allows individuals to draw conclusions that logically follow, given the truth value of the information provided. Recent progress in the domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

Languages are not created randomly but rather to communicate information. There is a strong association between languages and their underlying meanings, resulting in a sparse joint distribution that is heavily peaked according to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Hui Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in general scenarios, exhibiting a level of aptitude that approaches, in some aspects even surpasses, human-level intelligence. Among their numerous skills, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Zhiwei He , Tian Liang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Yujiu Yang , Rui Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Shuming Shi , Xing Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their remarkable ability to generate synthesized 'knowledge', such as text documents, music, images, etc. However, there is a huge gap between LLM's and human capabilities for understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Vladimir Cherkassky , Eng Hock Lee