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We provide an overview of some recent techniques involving the Malliavin calculus of variations and the so-called ``Stein's method'' for the Gaussian approximations of probability distributions. Special attention is devoted to establishing…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-17 Ivan Nourdin , Giovanni Peccati

We solve a physically significant extension of a classic problem in the theory of diffusion, namely the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process [G. E. Ornstein and L. S. Uhlenbeck, Phys. Rev. 36, 823, (1930)]. Our generalised Ornstein-Uhlenbeck systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 V. Bezuglyy , B. Mehlig , M. Wilkinson , K. Nakamura , E. Arvedson

We use Stein's method to establish the rates of normal approximation in terms of the total variation distance for a large class of sums of score functions of marked Poisson point processes on $\mathbb{R}^d$. As in the study under the weaker…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-11-17 Tianshu Cong , Aihua Xia

Flow Matching, a promising approach in generative modeling, has recently gained popularity. Relying on ordinary differential equations, it offers a simple and flexible alternative to diffusion models, which are currently the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Lea Kunkel

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable empirical success in the recent years and are considered one of the state-of-the-art generative models in modern AI. These models consist of a forward process, which gradually diffuses the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xingyu Xu , Ziyi Zhang , Yorie Nakahira , Guannan Qu , Yuejie Chi

In this paper, we address the classification of instances each characterized not by a singular point, but by a distribution on a vector space. We employ the Wasserstein metric to measure distances between distributions, which are then used…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Jia Li , Lin Lin

Optimal transport is a foundational problem in optimization, that allows to compare probability distributions while taking into account geometric aspects. Its optimal objective value, the Wasserstein distance, provides an important loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Marin Ballu , Quentin Berthet , Francis Bach

In this paper we introduce a new diffusion approximation for the steady-state customer count of the Erlang-C system. Unlike previous diffusion approximations, which use the steady-state distribution of a diffusion process with a constant…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-02-10 Anton Braverman , J. G. Dai

We consider two finite population Markov chain models, the two-island Wright-Fisher model with mutation, and the seed-bank model with mutation. Despite the relatively simple descriptions of the two processes, the the exact form of their…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-30 Han L. Gan , Maite Wilke-Berenguer

We develop a general framework for statistical inference with the 1-Wasserstein distance. Recently, the Wasserstein distance has attracted considerable attention and has been widely applied to various machine learning tasks because of its…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-16 Masaaki Imaizumi , Hirofumi Ota , Takuo Hamaguchi

We combine Malliavin calculus with Stein's method, in order to derive explicit bounds in the Gaussian and Gamma approximations of random variables in a fixed Wiener chaos of a general Gaussian process. We also prove results concerning…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-05-10 Ivan Nourdin , Giovanni Peccati

We establish a general inequality on the Poisson space, yielding an upper bound for the distance in total variation between the law of a regular random variable with values in the integers and a Poisson distribution. Several applications…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-04-18 Giovanni Peccati

We give an explicit representation for the transition law of a tempered stable Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and use it to develop a rejection sampling algorithm for exact simulation of increments from this process. Our results apply to…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Michael Grabchak

There has been recently a lot of interest in the analysis of the Stein gradient descent method, a deterministic sampling algorithm. It is based on a particle system moving along the gradient flow of the Kullback-Leibler divergence towards…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-12-29 José A. Carrillo , Jakub Skrzeczkowski

We consider the approximation of the stationary distribution of the finite inclusion process with the Poisson-Dirichlet distribution. Using Stein's method, we derive an explicit bound for the approximation error, which is of order 1/N in…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Han L. Gan

We provide an implementation to compute the flat metric in any dimension. The flat metric, also called dual bounded Lipschitz distance, generalizes the well-known Wasserstein distance $W_1$ to the case that the distributions are of unequal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Henri Schmidt , Christian Düll

We study the approximation of a (finite) continuous-time Markov chain by a Markov chain on a reduced state space, and we provide formal error bounds for the approximated transient distributions in the Wasserstein distance. These bounds…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Fabian Michel

We develop a kernel projected Wasserstein distance for the two-sample test, an essential building block in statistics and machine learning: given two sets of samples, to determine whether they are from the same distribution. This method…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Jie Wang , Rui Gao , Yao Xie

In this paper, we apply the Stein's method in the context of point processes, namely when the target measure is the distribution of a finite Poisson point process. We show that the so-called Kantorovich-Rubinstein distance between such a…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-07-09 Laurent Decreusefond , Aurélien Vasseur

The analysis of samples of random objects that do not lie in a vector space is gaining increasing attention in statistics. An important class of such object data is univariate probability measures defined on the real line. Adopting the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-07 Yaqing Chen , Zhenhua Lin , Hans-Georg Müller
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