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Attributing the behavior of Transformer models to internal computations is a central challenge in mechanistic interpretability. We introduce DePass, a unified framework for feature attribution based on a single decomposed forward pass.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Xiangyu Hong , Che Jiang , Kai Tian , Biqing Qi , Youbang Sun , Ning Ding , Bowen Zhou

Developing robotic manipulation policies is iterative and hypothesis-driven: researchers test tactile sensing, gripper geometries, and sensor placements through real-world data collection and training. Yet even minor end-effector changes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zi Yin , Fanhong Li , Shurui Zheng , Jia Liu

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are widely considered in secret key generation for resource constrained devices. However, PUFs require additional hardware overhead. In this paper, we focus on developing a PUF-efficient, robust, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Yonghong Bai , Zhiyuan Yan

The lack of stability is one of the major limitations that constrains PUF from being put in widespread practical use. In this paper, we propose a weak PUF and a strong PUF that are both completely stable with 0% intra-distance. These PUFs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-23 Wei-Che Wang , Yair Yona , Suhas Diggavi , Puneet Gupta

The characteristic novelty of what is generally meant by a "physical unclonable function" (PUF) is precisely defined, in order to supply a firm basis for security evaluations and the proposal of new security mechanisms. A PUF is defined as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-05 Rainer Plaga , Frank Koob

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are promising security primitives for resource-constrained IoT devices. And the XOR Arbiter PUF (XOR-PUF) is one of the most studied PUFs, out of an effort to improve the resistance against machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Gaoxiang Li , Khalid T. Mursi , Yu Zhuang

The signing key protection of Certificate Authorities (CAs) remains a critical challenge in PKI. Traditional approaches struggle to eliminate the risk of key exposure due to those (un)intentional human errors. This long-standing dilemma…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xiaolin Zhang , Chenghao Chen , Kailun Qin , Yuxuan Wang , Shipei Qu , Tengfei Wang , Chi Zhang , Dawu Gu

The Internet of Drones (IoD) is an emerging and crucial paradigm enabling advanced applications that require seamless, secure communication across heterogeneous and untrusted domains. In such environments, access control and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Xuanyu Chen , Yue Zheng , Junqing Zhang , Guanxiong Shen , Chip-Hong Chang

In this work, we examine the potential of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) that have been implemented on NAND Flash memories using programming disturbances to act as sustainable primitives for the purposes of lightweight cryptography.…

The microservice bombshells that have been linked with the microservice expansion have altered the application architectures, offered agility and scalability in terms of complexity in security trade-offs. Feeble legacy-based perimeter-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rethish Nair Rajendran , Sathish Krishna Anumula , Dileep Kumar Rai , Sachin Agrawal

We propose Secure Pick Up (SPU), a convenient, lightweight, in-device, non-intrusive and automatic-learning system for smartphone user authentication. Operating in the background, our system implicitly observes users' phone pick-up…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Wei-Han Lee , Xiaochen Liu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Ruby B. Lee

Emerging applications of photonics in computing, sensing, and security increasingly demand complex input-output behaviors, including highly nonlinear transformations of optical signals. Traditional photonic systems rely on highly structured…

In this article we describe the characteristics of a large integrated linear optical device containing Mach-Zehnder interferometers and describe its potential use as a physically unclonable function. We propose that any tunable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-22 A. Matthew Smith , H S. Jacinto

The rapidly expanding hardware-intrinsic security primitives are aimed at addressing significant security challenges of a massively interconnected world in the age of information technology. The main idea of such primitives is to employ…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Hussein Nili , Gina C. Adam , Mirko Prezioso , Jeeson Kim , Farnood Merrikh-Bayat , Omid Kavehei , Dmitri B. Strukov

Camouflaging gate techniques are typically used in hardware security to prevent reverse engineering. Layout level camouflaging by adding dummy contacts ensures some level of protection against extracting the correct netlist. Threshold…

The prevalence of biometric authentication has been on the rise due to its ease of use and elimination of weak passwords. To date, most biometric authentication systems have been designed for on-device authentication of the device owner…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Alexander Bienstock , Daniel Escudero , Antigoni Polychroniadou , Zhen Zeng , Pranav Bhat , Ashok Singal , Prashant Sharma , Manuela Veloso

Identity-preserved image generation is typically built on many-step diffusion backbones, making personalized generation expensive at deployment time. We show that this cost is often unnecessary for identity-conditioned FLUX generation. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dongqi Zheng

Embedded software used in industrial systems frequently relies on data that ensures the correct and efficient operation of these systems. Thus, companies invest considerable resources in fine-tuning this data, making it their valuable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Bernhard Fischer , Daniel Dorfmeister , Flavio Ferrarotti , Manuel Penz , Michael Kargl , Martina Zeinzinger , Florian Eibensteiner

Implicit authentication consists of a server authenticating a user based on the user's usage profile, instead of/in addition to relying on something the user explicitly knows (passwords, private keys, etc.). While implicit authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Josep Domingo-Ferrer , Qianhong Wu , Alberto Blanco-Justicia

As a well-known physical unclonable function that can provide huge number of challenge response pairs (CRP) with a compact design and fully compatibility with current electronic fabrication process, the arbiter PUF (APUF) has attracted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Yansong Gao , Jianrong Yao , Lihui Pang , Zhi Zhang , Anmin Fu , Naixue Xiong , Hyoungshick Kim