Related papers: Vacuum in Accelerators for Mechanical & Materials …
Variable mass systems are a classic example of open systems in classical mechanics. The reaction forces due to mass variation propel ships, balloons, and rockets. Unlike free constant mass systems, the angular momentum of these systems is…
Measurement is integral to quantum information processing and communication; it is how information encoded in the state of a system is transformed into classical signals for further use. In quantum optics, measurements are typically…
Contents: 1. Prologomena to any meta future physics 1.1 Physics needs for building future accelerators 1.2 Physics needs for funding future accelerators 2. Physics questions for future accelerators 2.1 Crimes and misapprehensions 2.1.1…
One of the most severe limitations in particle accelerators and beam transport are non-linear effects. Techniques to study and possibly suppress some of these detrimental effects exist, the most popular are based on particle tracking and…
The continuous limit of large systems of particles of finite size on the line is described. The particles are assumed to move freely and stick under collision, to form compound particles whose mass and size is the sum of the masses and…
Beam transfer, such as injection into or extraction from an accelerator, is one of the most critical moments in terms of machine protection in a high-intensity machine. Special equipment is used and machine protection aspects have to be…
Physical vacuum is a special superfluid medium populated by enormous amount of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs. Its motion is described by the modified Navier-Stokes equation: (a)~the pressure gradient divided by the mass density is…
Beam tracking software for accelerators typically falls into two categories: fast envelope simulations limited to linear beam optics, and slower multiparticle simulations that can model nonlinear effects. To find a middle ground between…
Emittance is a beam quality that is vital for many future applications of advanced accelerators, such as compact free-electron lasers and linear colliders. In this paper, we review the challenges of preserving the transverse emittance…
A dynamical system with discrete time is studied by means of algebraic geometry. The system admits a reduction that is interpreted as a classical field theory in 2+1-dimensional wholly discrete space-time. The integrals of motion of a…
The Higgs vacuum -- with its constant background field -- is not `empty' but is a kind of medium. Any ordinary medium, viewed at sufficiently long length scales, has a hydrodynamic description and can propagate sound waves. The vacuum…
Engines are open systems that can generate work cyclically, at the expense of an external disequilibrium. They are ubiquitous in nature and technology, but the course of mathematical physics over the last 300 years has tended to make their…
In accelerator physics, the concept of impedance is popularly used to describe the interactions of charged particles inside a bunch or between bunches in a train. Standard formulations of impedance assume that the driving charge has a…
As a community, our goal is to understand the fundamental nature of energy, matter, space, and time, and to apply that knowledge to understand the birth, evolution and fate of the universe. Our scope is broad and we use many tools:…
Composite particles---atoms, molecules, or microspheres---are unique tools for testing joint quantum and general relativistic effects, macroscopic limits of quantum mechanics, and searching for new physics. However, all studies of the free…
The theory of continuous phase transitions predicts the universal collective properties of a physical system near a critical point, which for instance manifest in characteristic power-law behaviours of physical observables. The…
This paper reviews the main types of radio-frequency powering systems which may be used for medical applications. It gives the essentials on vacuum tubes, including tetrodes, klystrons, and inductive output tubes, and the essentials on…
The origin of negative pressure fluid (the dark energy) is investigated in the quantum model of the homogeneous, isotropic and closed universe filled with a uniform scalar field and a perfect fluid which defines a reference frame. The…
The universe appears to be accelerating, but the reason why is a complete mystery. The simplest explanation, a small vacuum energy (cosmological constant), raises three difficult issues: why the vacuum energy is so small, why it is not…
A critical study of the wave mechanics of a particle trapped in a 1-D box having infinite potential walls and small flexibility in its size reveals its several important and hither to unknown aspects which could be relevant for better…