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Related papers: Membership Inference on LLMs in the Wild

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Membership inference attacks (MIAs) have been extensively studied in large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), yet their implications for vision-language-action (VLA) models remain largely unexplored. VLA models differ…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yuefeng Peng , Mingzhe Li , Kejing Xia , Renhao Zhang , Amir Houmansadr

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in a variety of applications, but concerns around membership inference have grown in parallel. Previous efforts focus on black-to-grey-box models, thus neglecting the potential benefit from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Luis Ibanez-Lissen , Lorena Gonzalez-Manzano , Jose Maria de Fuentes , Nicolas Anciaux , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and increasingly stringent privacy regulations, protecting data privacy in LLMs has become essential, especially for privacy-sensitive applications. Membership Inference Attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Md Tasnim Jawad , Mingyan Xiao , Yanzhao Wu

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) determine whether a specific data point was included in the training set of a target model. In this paper, we introduce the Semantic Membership Inference Attack (SMIA), a novel approach that enhances MIA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Hamid Mozaffari , Virendra J. Marathe

Small language models (SLMs) are increasingly valued for their efficiency and deployability in resource-constrained environments, making them useful for on-device, privacy-sensitive, and edge computing applications. On the other hand,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Roya Arkhmammadova , Hosein Madadi Tamar , M. Emre Gursoy

Determining which data samples were used to train a model, known as Membership Inference Attack (MIA), is a well-studied and important problem with implications on data privacy. SotA methods (which are black-box attacks) rely on training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yuval Golbari , Navve Wasserman , Gal Vardi , Michal Irani

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to predict whether a data sample belongs to the model's training set or not. Although prior research has extensively explored MIAs in Large Language Models (LLMs), they typically require accessing to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yu He , Boheng Li , Liu Liu , Zhongjie Ba , Wei Dong , Yiming Li , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

Membership inference attacks (MIA) aim to infer whether a particular data point is part of the training dataset of a model. In this paper, we propose a new task in the context of LLM privacy: entity-level discovery of membership risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ali Satvaty , Suzan Verberne , Fatih Turkmen

We propose Fast-MIA (https://github.com/Nikkei/fast-mia), a Python library for efficiently evaluating membership inference attacks (MIA) against large language models (LLMs). MIA has emerged as a crucial technique for auditing privacy risks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hiromu Takahashi , Shotaro Ishihara

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) reveal whether specific data was used to train machine learning models, serving as important tools for privacy auditing and compliance assessment. Recent studies have reported that MIAs perform only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Disha Makhija , Manoj Ghuhan Arivazhagan , Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar , Rashmi Gangadharaiah

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) threaten the privacy of machine learning models by revealing whether a specific data point was used during training. Existing MIAs often rely on impractical assumptions such as access to public datasets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Abdullah Caglar Oksuz , Anisa Halimi , Erman Ayday

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a specific data point was included in the training set of a target model. Although there are have been numerous methods developed for detecting data contamination in large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Anton Emelyanov , Sergei Kudriashov , Alena Fenogenova

State-of-the-art membership inference attacks (MIAs) typically require training many reference models, making it difficult to scale these attacks to large pre-trained language models (LLMs). As a result, prior research has either relied on…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to enable or improve a multitude of real-world applications. Given the large size of their training data sets, their tendency to memorize training data raises serious privacy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pedram Zaree , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yue Dong , Ihsen Alouani , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive web-scale corpora, raising growing concerns about privacy and copyright. Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a given example was used during training. Existing LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ravi Ranjan , Utkarsh Grover , Xiaomin Lin , Agoritsa Polyzou

Large vision-language models (VLLMs) exhibit promising capabilities for processing multi-modal tasks across various application scenarios. However, their emergence also raises significant data security concerns, given the potential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Zhan Li , Yongtao Wu , Yihang Chen , Francesco Tonin , Elias Abad Rocamora , Volkan Cevher

Recently, adapting the idea of self-supervised learning (SSL) on continuous speech has started gaining attention. SSL models pre-trained on a huge amount of unlabeled audio can generate general-purpose representations that benefit a wide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Wei-Tsung Kao , Hung-yi Lee

We present the first systematic Membership Inference Attack (MIA) evaluation of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs). As audio encodes non-semantic information, it induces severe train and test distribution shifts and can lead to spurious…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jia-Kai Dong , Yu-Xiang Lin , Hung-Yi Lee

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are widely used to assess the privacy risks associated with machine learning models. However, when these attacks are applied to pre-trained large language models (LLMs), they encounter significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Meng Tong , Yuntao Du , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Ninghui Li

A Membership Inference Attack (MIA) assesses how much a target machine learning model reveals about its training data by determining whether specific query instances were part of the training set. State-of-the-art MIAs rely on training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuntao Du , Yuetian Chen , Hanshen Xiao , Bruno Ribeiro , Ninghui Li