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Related papers: LoRA as Oracle

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Effectively leveraging private datasets remains a significant challenge in developing foundation models. Federated Learning (FL) has recently emerged as a collaborative framework that enables multiple users to fine-tune these models while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yiyuan Yang , Guodong Long , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

The substantial computational demands of modern large-scale deep learning present significant challenges for efficient training and deployment. Recent research has revealed a widespread phenomenon wherein deep networks inherently learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Laura Balzano , Tianjiao Ding , Benjamin D. Haeffele , Soo Min Kwon , Qing Qu , Peng Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Can Yaras

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, a type of adversarial attack that poisons the training data to manipulate the behavior of models trained on such data. Clean-label attacks are a more stealthy form of backdoor attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Quang H. Nguyen , Nguyen Ngoc-Hieu , The-Anh Ta , Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Kok-Seng Wong , Hoang Thanh-Tung , Khoa D. Doan

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning method, yet its learned correction is static: the same low-rank update is applied to every input. This input-agnostic approach creates an inevitable compromise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ali Zindari , Xiaowen Jiang , Rotem Mulayoff , Sebastian U. Stich

It is commonplace to produce application-specific models by fine-tuning large pre-trained models using a small bespoke dataset. The widespread availability of foundation model checkpoints on the web poses considerable risks, including the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuxin Wen , Leo Marchyok , Sanghyun Hong , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein , Nicholas Carlini

We demonstrate a backdoor attack on a deep neural network used for regression. The backdoor attack is localized based on training-set data poisoning wherein the mislabeled samples are surrounded by correctly labeled ones. We demonstrate how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Xi Li , George Kesidis , David J. Miller , Vladimir Lucic

The rapid advancement of foundation modelslarge-scale neural networks trained on diverse, extensive datasetshas revolutionized artificial intelligence, enabling unprecedented advancements across domains such as natural language processing,…

Numerous real-world decisions rely on machine learning algorithms and require calibrated uncertainty estimates. However, modern methods often yield overconfident, uncalibrated predictions. The dominant approach to quantifying the…

Backdoor data poisoning is a crucial technique for ownership protection and defending against malicious attacks. Embedding hidden triggers in training data can manipulate model outputs, enabling provenance verification, and deterring…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Kuan-Yu Chen , Yi-Cheng Lin , Jeng-Lin Li , Jian-Jiun Ding

Deep learning models are vulnerable to various adversarial manipulations of their training data, parameters, and input sample. In particular, an adversary can modify the training data and model parameters to embed backdoors into the model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Te Juin Lester Tan , Reza Shokri

Federated learning (FL) allows a set of agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their potentially sensitive data. This makes FL suitable for privacy-preserving applications. At the same time, FL is susceptible to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Yulia R. Gel

Large-scale pretraining followed by task-specific finetuning has achieved great success in various NLP tasks. Since finetuning all parameters of large pretrained models poses substantial computational and memory challenges, several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Ruiyi Zhang , Rushi Qiang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

Model merging is an emerging technique that integrates multiple models fine-tuned on different tasks to create a versatile model that excels in multiple domains. This scheme, in the meantime, may open up backdoor attack opportunities where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ming Yin , Jingyang Zhang , Jingwei Sun , Minghong Fang , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Instruction fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) is a powerful method for improving task-specific performance, but it can inadvertently lead to a phenomenon where models generate harmful responses when faced with malicious prompts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Satya Swaroop Gudipudi , Sreeram Vipparla , Harpreet Singh , Shashwat Goel , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Multimodal object detection offers a promising prospect to facilitate robust detection in various visual conditions. However, existing two-stream backbone networks are challenged by complex fusion and substantial parameter increments. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Weiying Xie , Yusi Zhang , Tianlin Hui , Jiaqing Zhang , Jie Lei , Yunsong Li

Machine learning (ML) has been widely adopted in various privacy-critical applications, e.g., face recognition and medical image analysis. However, recent research has shown that ML models are vulnerable to attacks against their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Zheng Li , Yang Zhang

Backdoor attacks in reinforcement learning (RL) have previously employed intense attack strategies to ensure attack success. However, these methods suffer from high attack costs and increased detectability. In this work, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jing Cui , Yufei Han , Yuzhe Ma , Jianbin Jiao , Junge Zhang

Backdoor attacks poison the training data, causing the model to behave normally on clean inputs but predict attacker-chosen labels when trigger patterns are embedded into the input samples. Defending against such attacks is highly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wei Guo , Maura Pintor , Ambra Demontis , Battista Biggio

Sequential fine-tuning of pretrained language encoders often overwrites previously acquired capabilities, but the forgetting behavior of parameter-efficient updates remains under-characterized. We present a controlled empirical study of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ashish Pandey

By injecting a small number of poisoned samples into the training set, backdoor attacks aim to make the victim model produce designed outputs on any input injected with pre-designed backdoors. In order to achieve a high attack success rate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Minlong Peng , Zidi Xiong , Quang H. Nguyen , Mingming Sun , Khoa D. Doan , Ping Li