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Researchers are investing substantial effort in developing powerful general-purpose agents, wherein Foundation Models are used as modules within agentic systems (e.g. Chain-of-Thought, Self-Reflection, Toolformer). However, the history of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shengran Hu , Cong Lu , Jeff Clune

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are two powerful approaches for building autonomous agents. However, due to limited understanding of the game environment, agents often resort to inefficient exploration and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ziyu Chen , Zhiqing Xiao , Xinbei Jiang , Junbo Zhao

Large language models are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents that must plan, act, and recover from mistakes through long-horizon interaction with environments that provide rich feedback. However, prevailing outcome-driven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Rui Ge , Yichao Fu , Yuyang Qian , Junda Su , Yiming Zhao , Peng Zhao , Hao Zhang

Language agents have achieved considerable performance on various complex question-answering tasks by planning with external tools. Despite the incessant exploration in this field, existing language agent systems still struggle with costly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Shuofei Qiao , Ningyu Zhang , Runnan Fang , Yujie Luo , Wangchunshu Zhou , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Chengfei Lv , Huajun Chen

LLM-based autonomous agents perform well on general reasoning tasks but still struggle to reliably use task structure, key constraints, and prior experience in complex real-world settings. We propose a case-based learning framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhenyu Ma , Yuyang Song , Chunyi Yang , Jingyi Zhu , Letian Yang , Xukai Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) serve as an active and promising field of generative artificial intelligence and have demonstrated abilities to perform complex tasks in multiple domains, including mathematical and scientific reasoning. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ao Cheng , Lei Zhang , Guowei He

The booming success of LLMs initiates rapid development in LLM agents. Though the foundation of an LLM agent is the generative model, it is critical to devise the optimal reasoning strategies and agent architectures. Accordingly, LLM agent…

Agent memory shapes how Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents, akin to the human brain, progressively refine themselves through environment interactions. Existing paradigms remain constrained: parametric memory forcibly adjusts model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Guibin Zhang , Muxin Fu , Shuicheng Yan

Self-evolving agents improve by accumulating and reusing experience from past interactions. Existing work has largely focused on how experience is constructed, represented, and updated, while paying less attention to how experience should…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Weixiang Zhao , Yingshuo Wang , Yichen Zhang , Yanyan Zhao , Yu Zhang , Yang Wu , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Agentic AI represents a major shift in how autonomous systems reason, plan, and execute multi-step tasks through the coordination of Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision Language Models (VLMs), tools, and external services. While these…

Autonomous agents powered by Large Language Models are transforming AI, creating an imperative for the visualization field to embrace agentic frameworks. However, our field's focus on a human in the sensemaking loop raises critical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Vaishali Dhanoa , Anton Wolter , Gabriela Molina León , Hans-Jörg Schulz , Niklas Elmqvist

Large Language Model agents demonstrate potential in solving real-world problems via tools, yet generalist intelligence is bottlenecked by scarce high-quality, long-horizon data. Existing methods collect privacy-constrained API logs or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zexu Sun , Bokai Ji , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Lei Wang , Guangxia Li , Xu Chen

The topic of Co-creation, i.e., AI agents interacting with humans to generate outputs (e.g., art), has gained significant attention recently. However, most studies focus on adult-human interactions in a digital setting. This paper explores…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Arturo Valdivia , Paolo Burelli

Web agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for next-generation AI, but their limited reasoning in uncertain, dynamic web environments hinders robust deployment. In this paper, we identify key reasoning skills essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Minda Hu , Tianqing Fang , Jianshu Zhang , Junyu Ma , Zhisong Zhang , Jingyan Zhou , Hongming Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu , Irwin King

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance human capabilities, assisting with digital tasks from sending emails to performing data analysis. The abilities of existing LLMs at such tasks are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hongjin Su , Ruoxi Sun , Jinsung Yoon , Pengcheng Yin , Tao Yu , Sercan Ö. Arık

Although significant progress has been made in many tasks within the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Controlled Text Generation (CTG) continues to face numerous challenges, particularly in achieving fine-grained conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Xinxu Zhou , Jiaqi Bai , Zhenqi Sun , Fanxiang Zeng , Yue Liu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled significant progress in decision-making and task planning for embodied autonomous agents. However, most existing methods struggle with complex, long-horizon tasks because they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jae-Woo Choi , Hyungmin Kim , Hyobin Ong , Youngwoo Yoon , Minsu Jang , Dohyung Kim , Jaehong Kim

Recent progress in generative models has stimulated significant innovations in many fields, such as image generation and chatbots. Despite their success, these models often produce sketchy and misleading solutions for complex multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zeyang Liu , Xinrui Yang , Shiguang Sun , Long Qian , Lipeng Wan , Xingyu Chen , Xuguang Lan

Foundation models, such as large language models (LLMs), have been widely recognised as transformative AI technologies due to their capabilities to understand and generate content, including plans with reasoning capabilities. Foundation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Zhenchang Xing , Stefan Harrer , Jon Whittle

Generative AI agents in life sciences face a critical challenge: determining the optimal approach for diverse queries ranging from simple factoid questions to complex mechanistic reasoning. Traditional methods rely on fixed rules or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Nihir Chadderwala