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Quantum clock synchronization (QCS) aims to establish a shared temporal reference between distant nodes by exploiting uniquely quantum phenomena such as entanglement, single-photon interference, and quantum correlations. In contrast to…

We present a model of discrete quantum evolution based on quantum correlations between the evolving system and a reference quantum clock system. A quantum circuit for the model is provided, which in the case of a constant Hamiltonian is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-06 A. Boette , R. Rossignoli , N. Gigena , M. Cerezo

A formalism for quantizing time reparametrization invariant dynamics is considered and applied to systems which contain an `almost ideal clock.' Previously, this formalism was successfully applied to the Bianchi models and, while it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Donald Marolf

Being able to measure time, whether directly or indirectly, is a significant advantage for an organism. It allows for the timely reaction to regular or predicted events, reducing the pressure for fast processing of sensory input. Thus,…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-19 Andrei D. Robu , Christoph Salge , Chrystopher L. Nehaniv , Daniel Polani

Entangled states of light exhibit measurable correlations between light detections at separated locations. These correlations are exploited in entangled-state quantum key distribution. To do so involves setting up and maintaining a rhythm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-27 F. Hadi Madjid , John M. Myers

Clock synchronization is a widely discussed topic in the engineering literature. Ensuring that individual clocks are closely aligned is important in network systems, since the correct timing of various events in a network is usually…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Timothy Anglea , Yongqiang Wang

Temporal quantum correlations provide an intriguing way of testing quantumness at the macroscopic level, with a logical hierarchy present among the quantum correlations associated with nonmacrorealism, temporal steering, and temporal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-26 Hao-Cheng Weng , Chen-Yeh Wei , Huan-Yu Ku , Shin-Liang Chen , Yueh-Nan Chen , Chih-Sung Chuu

It has been recently shown that probabilistic protocols based on postselection boost the performances of phase estimation and the replication of quantum clocks. Here we demonstrate that the improvements in these two tasks have to match…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-07 B. Gendra , J. Calsamiglia , R. Munoz-Tapia , E. Bagan , G. Chiribella

In order to unitarily evolve a quantum system, an agent requires knowledge of time, a parameter which no physical clock can ever perfectly characterise. In this letter, we study how limitations on acquiring knowledge of time impact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Jake Xuereb , Florian Meier , Paul Erker , Mark T. Mitchison , Marcus Huber

Processes such as quantum computation, or the evolution of quantum cellular automata are typically described by a unitary operation implemented by an external observer. In particular, an interaction is generally turned on for a precise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-06 Mischa P. Woods , Ralph Silva , Jonathan Oppenheim

Time plays a crucial role in the intuitive understanding of the world around us. Within quantum mechanics, however, time is not usually treated as an observable quantity; it enters merely as a parameter in the laws of motion of physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Sandra Ranković , Yeong-Cherng Liang , Renato Renner

All clocks, classical or quantum, are open non equilibrium irreversible systems subject to the constraints of thermodynamics. Using examples I show that these constraints necessarily limit the performance of clocks and that good clocks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-30 G J Milburn

We investigate methods to broadcast timing information from a central clock to all other clocks by the use of multipartite entanglement. This task is a necessary step in establishing a coordinated universal time, currently performed using…

The statistical state of any (classical or quantum) system with non-trivial time evolution can be interpreted as the pointer of a clock. The quality of such a clock is given by the statistical distinguishability of its states at different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dominik Janzing , Thomas Beth

Quantum control plays a crucial role in enhancing precision scaling for quantum sensing. However, most existing protocols require perfect control, even though real-world devices inevitably have control imperfections. Here, we consider a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Zi-Shen Li , Xinyue Long , Xiaodong Yang , Dawei Lu , Yuxiang Yang

We present a derivation of the structure and dynamics of a ticking clock by showing that for finite systems a single natural principle serves to distinguish what we understand as ticking clocks from time-keeping systems in general. As a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Ralph Silva , Nuriya Nurgalieva , Henrik Wilming

High-precision clock synchronization is essential for a wide range of network-distributed applications. In the quantum space, these applications include communication, sensing, and positioning. However, current synchronization techniques…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Ravi Singh Adhikari , Aman Gupta , Anju Rani , Xiaoyu Ai , Robert Malaney

In general relativity, the picture of spacetime assigns an ideal clock to each worldline. Being ideal, gravitational effects due to these clocks are ignored and the flow of time according to one clock is not affected by the presence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-09 Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Flaminia Giacomini , Časlav Brukner

The clock synchronization problem is to determine the time difference T between two spatially separated parties. We improve on I. Chuang's quantum clock synchronization algorithm and show that it is possible to obtain T to n bits of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Chris Harrelson , Iordanis Kerenidis

We derive a device-independent quantum key distribution protocol based on synchronous correlations and their Bell inequalities. This protocol offers several advantages over other device-independent schemes including symmetry between the two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Nishant Rodrigues , Brad Lackey